Transcript Scolopendra castaneiceps

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Myriapoda
Classes Diplopoda & Chilopoda
Subpylum Hexapoda
Class Insecta
Subphylum Myriapoda
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1 pr antennae
1pr mandibles
2 or 1 pr maxillae
uniramous appendages
SP Myriapoda, Class Chilopoda
Centipedes
• Scutigera coleoptrata
Cheliped Examples
Scolopendra castaneiceps
http://gprime.net/video.php/bateatingcentipede
SP Myriapoda, Class Diplopoda
Millipedes
• 4 thoracic segments
– each has 1 pr legs
• 25-100 abdominal segments
– each has 2 pr legs
• Larval stages have 1pr legs/segment
Diplopod Examples
SP Hexapoda, Class Insecta
• 4 pr feeding appendages (mouthparts)
• 6 pr walking legs
• 2 pr flight appendages
– 2pr wings
– 1pr wings + 1pr halteres
– 1pr elytra + 1pr wings
• No appendages on abdomen
• Tagmata:
– Head – 5-7 segments
– Thorax – 3 segments
– Abdomen – 8-11 segments
Class Insecta
Tagmata
Segmentation
Insect Anatomy
Head Appendages
compound eye
antenna
ocelli
mandible maxillary
palp
labrum
maxilla
labium
labial
palp
Famous Mouth Parts
Insect Respiratory System
Excretory System – Malpighian Tubules
• Insects excrete
nitrogenous waste in the
form of uric acid (urate)
• Solid uric acid is formed
in the rectum by the
removal of H2O
Holometabolous Insects
Tobacco horn worm
Larva of sphinx moth
Holometabolous Development
Lepidopteran Lifecycle
1-4 instars
Holometabolous Development
• Dipteran larvae
Bot Fly Lifecycles
Coleopteran – Grub Larvae
Boll Weevil
Beneficial Coleopterans
Aphid parasites
1st instar
3rd instar
Adult
pupa
Ladybird Beetle Life Stages
Hemimetabolous Development
hemipteran
Larvae
odonatan
orthopteran
Beneficial Insects
• Ichneumon wasps lay eggs in body of beetle & lepidopteran
larvae – many of which are plant pests
• The wasp larvae feed on the host, killing it in the process
Insect Behavior
• Hymenopterans & Isopterans often show complex
social behavior
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Termite colonies
Ant colonies
Bee hives
Hornets & wasps
• All have unique genetic/environmental sex
determination mechanisms
Social Insects
Arthropod Evolution
MUTATIONS IN
REGULATORY GENES
CAN GIVE THE
PROTEINS NEW
PROPERTIES: UBX
ACQUIRES THE
ABILITY to REPRESS
DISTAL-LESS in the
INSECT CLADE
R. Galant and S. B. Carroll,
2002. Nature 415:910.
Ronschaugen, M. et al.
2002. Nature 415: 914.
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Arthropod Evolution
Mutation of the
ultrabithorax
gene
Arthropod & Chordate EvoDevo
Arthropod Evolution
• Paleozoic insect fossils – show ties to crustacean
morphology
Wing
primordia
arose from
thoracic gills
3 pr of
Biramous
appendages
Present Mayfly Nymph