Transcript Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Place your hands on
either side of you rib
cage and breathe
deeply several times.
Describe to me what
you felt while you
breathe out and in.
You should feel you
rib cage moving up
and expanding during
inhalation and moving
down during and
returning to its initial
size during exhalation.
Your body needs
a continuous
supply of oxygen
in order to obtain
energy from the
foods you eat.
Roll that film
Breathing vs Respiration
Respiration is the
entire process by
which a body obtains
and uses oxygen and
gets rid of carbon
dioxide and water.
It is divided into 2
parts: Breathing
and Cellular
respiration.
Breathing
Breathing
involves inhaling
and exhaling.
Respiratory systemConsist of the lungs,
throat and
passageways that
lead to the lungs.
Nose
Your nose is the
primary passageway
into and out of the
respiratory system.
Pharynx
The upper portion of the
throat. It is the muscular
tube located in the neck,
lined with mucous
membrane, that connects
the nose and mouth with
the trachea (windpipe).
Continued…
Air, food and drink
travels through the
pharynx on the way
to the stomach.
Larynx (voice box): the
cartilaginous box-shaped
part of the respiratory tract
between the level of the root
of the tongue and the top of
the trachea. It is the organ
of voice production,
containing the vocal cords.
Trachea-a
windpipe. It is the
passageway for air
traveling from the
larynx to the lungs.
Epiglottis
a flap of cartilage situated
at the base of the tongue
that covers the opening to
the air passages when
swallowing, preventing food
or liquids from entering the
windpipe trachea
Bronchi- The trachea
splits into two tubes.
One goes to each lung
and branches into
thousand of tiny tubes
called bronchioles.
Bronchioles-Any of
the small, thin-walled
tubes that branch
from a bronchus and
end in the alveolar
sacs of the lung.
Alveolus
a tiny thin-walled air sac
found in large numbers in
each lung, through which
oxygen enters and
carbon dioxide leaves
the blood.
Lung- either of a pair of
elastic, spongy organs
used in breathing and
respiration. Lungs are
present in all mammals,
birds, and reptiles. Most
amphibians and a few species of
fish also have lungs.
A scanning electron
micrograph reveals
the tiny sacs known
as alveoli within a
section of human
lung tissue. Human
beings have a thin
layer of about 700
million alveoli
within their lungs.
This layer is crucial
in the process
called respiration,
exchanging oxygen
and carbon dioxide
with the
surrounding blood
capillaries.
How do you breathe?
Breathing is done by rib muscles and the
diaphragm.
Diaphragm is a
dome shaped
muscle underneath
the lungs.
When the diaphragm
contracts and moves down,
it increases the chest
cavity’s volume. At the
same time, some of your rib
muscles contract and lift
your rib cage, causing it to
expand. Air is sucked in.
What happens to the oxygen?
The oxygen is absorbed by
the red blood cells.
It is transported by the
blood to the different areas
of the body.
The oxygen diffuses inside
the cells.
The oxygen is used to
release energy stored in
molecules of carbohydrates,
fats and proteins.
When the molecules are
broken down they release a
by-product called carbon
dioxide and water.
The carbon dioxide
leave the cells and
return to the
bloodstream.
The carbon dioxide is
carried to the lungs
and is exhaled.
Disorders of the respiratory system
Bronchitis-inflammation of
the mucous membrane in the
airways (bronchial tubes) of
the lungs, resulting from
infection or irritation and
causing breathing problems
and severe coughing.
Asthma- a disease of
the respiratory system,
sometimes caused by
allergies, with symptoms
including coughing,
sudden difficulty in
breathing, and a tight
feeling in the chest
http://www.brainpop.co
m/health/diseasesandc
onditions/asthma/
Pneumonia- an
inflammation of one or
both lungs, usually
caused by infection from
a bacterium or virus or,
less commonly, by a
chemical or physical
irritant.
Streptococcus bacteria are responsible for infections such as strep throat, scarlet fever, and some
types of pneumonia.
Streptococcus bacteria are responsible for
infections such as strep throat, scarlet fever,
and some types of pneumonia.
Emphysema- a
chronic medical
disorder of the lungs in
which the air sacs are
dilated or enlarged and
lack flexibility, resulting
in breathing impairment
and sometimes
infection.
This picture shows the effects of
emphysema (caused by smoking) on lung
tissue.
This dissection of
human lung tissue
shows light-colored
cancerous tissue in
the center of the
photograph. At
bottom center lies
the heart. While
normal lung tissue
is light pink in color,
the tissue
surrounding the
cancer is black and
airless, the result of
a tarlike residue left
by cigarette smoke.
SmokingRoll that
beautiful
lung
footage
20 minutes after quitting: Your blood
pressure drops to a level close to that
before the last cigarette. The temperature
of your hands and feet increases to
normal.
(US Surgeon General's Report,1988, pp. 39,
202)
When Smokers Quit - What Are the
Benefits Over Time?
8 hours after quitting: The carbon
monoxide level in your blood drops to
normal.
(US Surgeon General's Report,1988, p. 202)
24 hours after quitting: Your
chance of a heart attack
decreases.
(US Surgeon General's
Report,1988, p. 202)
2 weeks to 3 months after
quitting: Your circulation
improves and your lung
function increases up to 30%.
(US Surgeon General's Report,
1 to 9 months after quitting: Coughing,
sinus congestion, fatigue, and
shortness of breath decrease; cilia
(tiny hair like structures that move
mucus out of the lungs) regain normal
function in the lungs, increasing the
ability to handle mucus, clean the
lungs, and reduce infection.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990,
pp. 304, 307, 319, 322)
1 year after quitting: The excess risk of
coronary heart disease is half that of a
smoker's.
5 years after quitting: Your stroke risk
is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5-15
years after quitting.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990,
p.79)
10 years after quitting: The lung cancer
death rate is about half that of a
continuing smoker's. The risk of cancer
of the mouth, throat, esophagus,
bladder, kidney, and pancreas
decrease.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990,
p.110, 147, 152, 155, 159,172)
15 years after quitting:
The risk of coronary
heart disease is that of
a nonsmoker's.
(US Surgeon General's
Report, 1990, p.79)
20 minutes after quitting: Your blood pressure drops to a level close to that
before the last cigarette. The temperature of your hands and feet increases to
normal.
(US Surgeon General's Report,1988, pp. 39, 202)
When Smokers Quit - What Are the Benefits Over Time?
8 hours after quitting: The carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to
normal.
(US Surgeon General's Report,1988, p. 202)
24 hours after quitting: Your chance of a heart attack decreases.
(US Surgeon General's Report,1988, p. 202)
2 weeks to 3 months after quitting: Your circulation improves and your lung
function increases up to 30%.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, pp.193,194,196,285,323)
1 to 9 months after quitting: Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and
shortness of breath decrease; cilia (tiny hair like structures that move mucus
out of the lungs) regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to
handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce infection.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, pp. 304, 307, 319, 322)
1 year after quitting: The excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a
smoker's.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p. vi)
5 years after quitting: Your stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5-15
years after quitting.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.79)
10 years after quitting: The lung cancer death rate is about half that of a
continuing smoker's. The risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus,
bladder, kidney, and pancreas decrease.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.110, 147, 152, 155, 159,172)
15 years after quitting: The risk of coronary heart disease is that of a
nonsmoker's.
(US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.79)