Transcript Reptiles - MUGAN`S BIOLOGY PAGE

Reptiles
By Brandon Snitker
and
Dan Rediske
Habitat
• Tend to be found in
warmer climates.
• Can be found
anywhere from the
tropical rain forest, to
the desert, to inside
the artic circle.
Not Here
Not here either
Still
no.
no
Food Sources
• Snakes- Carnivorous, size of prey
depends on size of snake.
– Small mammals and other snakes.
• Turtles- Herbivorous, eats small plants.
• Lizards- Mostly carnivorous, commonly
eat insects, and less often may eat other,
smaller, lizards.
Importance to the environment
Reptiles provide an essential
balance to ecosystems by being
predators and also being prey to
larger animals.
Importance to Humans
• Reptiles help keep the pest population
down, as reptiles commonly feed on pests.
• Venom has several uses in medicine and
biological research.
• The skin of some of these animals can
also be made into consumer items.
Unique Characteristics
Reptiles are characterized by
• being ectothermic.
• being covered in scales.
• having clawed feet.
• having a breast bone that
protects the lungs and
heart.
Unique Characteristics: Snakes
• Snakes have an adapted
skull that allows the mouth to
accommodate for large prey.
• Snakes also have a unique
method of motion (slithering),
allowing them to be
undetected by some
predators.
Unique characteristics: Turtles
• Turtles can swim for up to five hours under
water.
• Turtles have a hard, sharp beak and usually
have a protective shell, although soft-shelled
turtles do not.
Soft shell!
Unique Characteristics: Lizards
• Lizards store fat in their tails.
• Lizards can release and
regenerate their tails.
(Click to start video->)
•
Certain lizards can blend into
their surroundings by
measuring the amount of light
and heat that hits their body.
Subgroups:
Surviving Classes and Orders
There were 17 original orders, only 4 remain today.
The grouping of reptiles is a group that has very little
or no relation to other members of the Reptile
phylum.
Reptiles
Chelonia
Turtles
Crocodilia
Crocodiles
Alligators
Squamata
Lizards
Snakes
Other Living reptiles
Sphendontia
Tuartas
Skeletal Support structures: Snake
Voice thread
Skeletal Support Structures: Lizard
• Lizards have well developed pectoral and
pelvic girdles to allow movement.
These adaptations allow lizards to move effectively.
Skeletal Support Structure: Turtle
• Turtles and Tortoises
are usually
recognized by the
tough shell that
protects their body.
• This shell also acts as
a solid support for
interior structures.
Respiration or Gas Exchange
• Because gases can’t diffuse
across scaly skin they need
well developed and efficient
lungs.
• Reptiles have muscles
attached to their rib cage that
enables their lungs to inflate
and deflate.
Reptile lung
Reproductive System
• A reptile reproduces sexually with the female's eggs being fertilized
by the male internally.
• The eggs, which have a leathery surface, are then carefully
deposited in the animal’s environment.
• The shells are permeable to oxygen and other gases.
• These eggs have complex membrane systems.
• Reptiles are born fully developed, there is no metamorphosis or
larval stage (transition stages). This allowed reptiles to be some of
the first animals to live from birth to death on land.
Nervous/ Sensory System
Snakes have their smell organ in
their mouth. They smell by flicking
their tongue against the organs
surface, after collecting particles
from the air on their tongues.
^^^(This is a video)^^^
With the exception of blind snakes, reptiles rely more
heavily on vision than on any other sense. Most reptiles
lack external ears and instead have an eardrum that is
near the eyes and under the skin.
Circulatory system
• Voice thread
• They also have a unique
double loop blood vessel
system that pumps through the
heart, then through the rest of
the body.
• “Four” Chambered heart
• Nearly all reptiles have threechambered hearts; the
exceptions are crocodilians,
which have four-chambered
hearts.
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Excretory System
• Water reptiles mostly excrete wastes in the
form of ammonia.
• Most others convert their waste in to a
compound called uric acid, which contains
very little water, so as to preserve water,
for the reptile’s survival.
Digestive System
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Food enters through the mouth.
It is carried down the esophagus
and digested in the stomach.
It is then neutralized by the gall
bladder.
The digested food is further
digested and absorbed by the
intestines.
It is then excreted from the body.
Interesting lizard- defense tactic
Frilled Lizard
TuartaLives only
on the
islands of
New
Zealand!
Sea Turtle
Bibliography
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Animal Profiles: Lizards. Rainbow Educational Media. 1991. United streaming. 1 April 2008
http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/
World's Best: Series: Living Dinosaurs. BBC. 2002. United streaming. 1 April 2008.
http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/
Miller, Kenneth. Levine, Joseph. Biology: The Living Science. Prentice Hall. 2000. Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey. Pg. 710
Animals: Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish. Macmillan Library Reference USA. 1999. New York, New
York. Pgs. 396-454
O’Shea, Mark. Halliday, Tim. Reptiles and Amphibians. Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc. 2001.
New York, New York. Pg. 12-15, 19, 21-34, 44-195.
Badger, David. Lizards: A Natural History Of Some “Uncommon Creatures- Extraordinary
chameleons, Iguanas, Geckos, and More. 2003. Voyageur Press Inc. Stillwater, Minnesota.
Importance of Snakes. World Book Encyclopedia online. Mar 28, 2008.
www.worldbook.com/wb/students?content_spotlight/reptiles/type/shake_imp
Reptiles internal Organs. World Book Encyclopedia Online. Mar 28, 2008.
www.worldbook.com/wb/students/reptiles/
Frondorf, Anne. Reptiles. Monroe County Women’s Disability Network. Mar 28, 2008.
www.mcwdn.org/Animals/Animals.htm
The End