Transcript Chordates

Chordates
• Have a notochord at some stage in
life.
• Have a dorsal tubular nerve cord (
spinal cord)
• Have pharyngeal gill slits at some
stage in life
• Ventral Heart & closed circulatory
systems
Chordate subphyla
• Urochordata- Tunicate sea squirt(Amocetes
larvae)
• Cephalochordata- Amphioxus or lancelet
• hemichordata - acorn worm
• Vertebrata- animals with at least some
vertebrae of bone or cartilage * 8 classes
class
skelton heart chambers respiratory body cover limbs
Agnatha
notochord
2 open gill smooth, unpaired fins
Chondrichthyescartilage
2 open gill scales,placoid paired fins
Placodermi*** heavy armor plated & jawed
Ostiechthyes bone
2 covered gill scales, thin paired fins
Amphibia bone
3 gills/lungs/ skin smooth, mucus 4 legs
Reptilia
bone
4incomplete lungs
scales, thick 4 legs
Aves
hollowbone
4 lungs air sacs feather, scales wings legs
Mammalia bone
4 lungs
hair
4 limbs
AGNATHA
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JAWLESS PARASITE
NOTOCHORD IS PRIMARY SUPPORT
UNPAIRED FINS
POILKIOTHERMIC- UNABLE TO
MAINTAIN CONSTANT BODY
TEMPERATURE
• OPEN GILLS
• 2 CHAMBERED HEART
• ANADROMOUS-RETURN TO FRESH
WATER TO SPAWN
Agnatha cont.
• LATERAL LINE-senses
vibrations in water
Open Gill Slits Pineal organ
Pineal Organ
• Senses light –direct migration
and mating behavior according
to seasonal changes in light
Notochord
Gill
Notochord
• Dorsal rod-like support
Curved Horny Teeth
Round Circular Mouth
CHONDRICHTHYES
• OVOVIVIPAROUS-BEAR LIVE
YOUNG THAT ARE
NOURISHED FROM YOLK
• SHARKS, RAYS, AND SKATES
• 2 CH. HEART, Poilkiothermic
• SPIRACLE, OPEN GILLS,
• CARTILAGE SKELETON
• RECTAL GLAND- REMOVES
SALT
• OIL CONTENT HIGH FOR
BUOYANCY
• PLACOID SCALE-TOOTH LIKE
Spiracle
Gill Slits
Spiracle
• Takes in water
• Gills are open
• Flap of skin folds back over but does not
close as in body fish
Rectal Gland Removes Salt
Gill Raker and Lamellae
• Raker -removes food and dirt
• Lamellae- rremoves oxygen
from water and carbon
dioxide from bloodgas is
exchanged
OSTEICHTHYES
• OPERCULUM-GILL COVER
• BONY SKELETON
• SWIM BLADDER-buoyancy
• FLAT CTENOID OR CYCLOID
SCALES
• MOST ARE OVIPAROUS-LAY
EGGS
Ostiechthyes cont
• 2 CHAMBERED HEART
• LATERAL LINE-senses
vibrations in water
• POILKIOTHERMIC
To Gills
Oxygenated and Deoxygenated is mixed
Heart chambers
• Atria- collects and pushes
blood into ventricle
• Ventricle- pumps blood to
body or lungs
AMPHIBIA
• SMOOTH MOIST SKIN, POISON
GLANDS & PIGMENT CELLS
• TETRAPODS ( MOSTLY) LACK
CLAWS
• TYMPANUM & VOCAL SACS
• LUNGS, GILLS, & CUTANEOUS
(SKIN ) BREATHING
• 3 CHAMBERED HEART
• POIKIOTHERMIC
Tympanum
• External ear drum
• Vocalize during courtship and for
establishing a territory
REPTILIA
• Thick, dry keratinized scales with
claws, four limbs
• Poilkiotherms( ectotherms)
• Amniote eggs- water built inside
or ovoviviparous or oviparous
• Lungs
• Jacobson’s organ-smell or taste
• Infared Pit- heat sensation
Nictitating Membrane
• Second eyelid
transparent
Four chambers with incomplete septum
AVES
• Feathers, beak, scales, keeled sternum,
hollow bones, synsacrum, fused
phalanges- wings, highest metabolism,
crop, gizzard, and cloaca.
• Amniote Eggs
• Four heart chambers
• Homeotherm- constant body temp.
• Lungs with air sacs
Mammalia
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Homeothermic
4 Complete Heart Chambers
Hair covers body
Mammary Glands
Mostly Viviparous- mostly placental
Adaptations for survival in Terrestrial
Environments
Skeleton
Respiratory—Gills and cutaneous breathing to
Lungs
Circulatory– Separation of Heart chambers
Sensory- lens, tympanum,touch receptors,
Water ConservationAmniote Egg has it’s own water and protection
Marsupial and Placental Development – protection,
Nourishment, and water.
Brain Regions
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Anterior to Posterior
Olfactory-smell
Cerebrum-thinking, learning
Optic- vision
Cerebellum-coordination and
balance
• Medulla-breathing and heart beat
regulation
Integument- thick
keratinized scale, feathers
and skin
Prevent evaporation
Kidneys- kidneys become better able
to conserve water by increasing their
abilities to reabsorb water and
eliminate increasing concentrated or
altered nitrogen waste