Transcript 37-1 The Circulatory System

37-1
The Circulatory System
By Rose, Keelan, and Danny
Functions of the circulatory
system
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The human
circulatory system
consists of the heart,
a series of blood
vessels, and the blood
that flows through
them
The Heart
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The heart is enclosed in a
protective sac of tissue called the
pericardium
The myocardium is the muscle in
your heart that pumps blood- it is
sandwiched between two thin
layers of epithelial and connective
tissue
The septum divides the two sides
of the heart
The upper chambers that receive
the blood are the atria
The lower chambers that pump
the blood out of the heart are the
ventricles
The heart has four chambers- two
atrium and two ventricles
Tip:
You can tell which
chamber comes first
because the atrium starts
with an “a” which comes
before “v,” so the atrium
comes first.
Circulation Through the Body
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The heart functions as
two separate pumps
The right side pumps
blood from the body to
the lungs- this is known
as pulmonary circulation
The left side pumps blood
from the lungs to the
body- this is known as
systemic circulation
Circulation Through the Heart
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Valves are flaps of
connective tissue that
keep blood from
flowing backwards
Heartbeat
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The Sinoatrial node, or
the SA node, is known as
the “pacemaker” due to
the fact that it is the node
that sets the pace for the
heart’s contractions
The Atrioventricular node,
or the AV node, picks up
the signals from the SV
node and transmits them
to the rest of the heart
Blood Vessels
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The aorta is the first
of a series of blood
vessels that carry
blood
Blood moves through
arteries, capillaries,
and veins
Arteries
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Arteries carry blood away
from the heart
Arteries have thick walls
that help with blood
pressure
The smooth muscle and
connective tissue help
arteries keep their shape
The pulmonary arteries
are the only arteries that
carry oxygen-poor blood
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
endothelium
Tip:
Arteries carry blood
away from the heart:
Arteries- Away
Capillaries
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Capillaries are the
smallest blood vessels
Capillary walls are only
one cell thick
Blood cells must pass
through them single file
Nutrients and waste are
defused in the
capillaries
Veins
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Veins return blood to the
heart
Large veins contain
valves to keep blood
moving in a single
direction
Veins are located near
and between the skeletal
muscles
The pulmonary veins are
the only veins that carry
oxygen-rich blood
Blood Pressure
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Blood pressure is measured
with a sphygmomanometer
The top number is when your
heart contracts, the bottom
number is when it relaxes
Kidneys remove more water
from blood when blood
pressure is high
Neurotransmitters and the
kidneys both work to regulate
the blood pressure
Diseases of the Circulatory
System
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Heart disease and stroke
are the leading causes of
death in the US
High blood pressure and
atherosclerosis are the 2
leading causes of
cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis is a
condition in which plaque
builds up on the inner
walls of the arteries
High Blood Pressure
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Hypertension is another
word for high blood
pressure
High blood pressure is
defined as blood pressure
that exceeds 140/90 or
higher
High blood pressure
enlarges the myocardium
Hypertension increases
the risk of heart diseases,
heart attack, and stroke
Consequences of Atherosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis is the most
dangerous in the coronary arteries
The coronary arteries bring blood
to the heart
If one of these arteries are
blocked, a heart attack occurs
The symptoms of a heart attack
are nausea, shortness of breath,
and severe chest pain
When a blood clot occurs in the
brain, a stroke can occur
In a stroke, brain cells die from
lack of oxygenated blood
Circulatory System Health
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You can prevent
cardiovascular disease by
exercise, eating healthy
and NOT SMOKING
A diet low in saturated fat
and cholesterol is
important for heart health
Excess fat and cholesterol
builds up on artery walls
Excess weight gain
enlarges the circulatory
system, which causes the
heart to pump harder
Vocab
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Myocardium- The muscles of
the heart
Atrium- The upper chamber/
receives blood
Ventricle- The lower chamber/
pumps blood
Pulmonary circulation- The
path of blood from the heart to
the lungs
Systemic circulation- The flow
of blood from the lungs to the
heart
Valves- Flaps of connective
tissue that prevent blood from
flowing backwards
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Pacemaker- The sinoatrial
node
Aorta- The first in a series of
blood vessels that carry blood
around the body
Artery- Cary oxygen-rich blood
away from the heart
Capillary- The smallest blood
vessels where diffusion takes
place
Vein- Cary oxygen-poor blood
to the heart
Atherosclerosis- A disease in
which fatty deposits of plaque
build up on artery walls
Self-Test Questions
(key on the last slide)
1.
2.
Which of these is not a
component of the circulatory
system?
What is the pericardium?
A) The heart
B) Blood vessels
C) Blood
D) They are all
components of the
circulatory system
A) Part of the heart
B) The brain that
controls the heart
C) The sac that
encloses the heart
D) Your 4th toe
3.
4.
5.
What is a 3 flap valve
called?
A) Tricuspid Valve
B) Trioticflap Valve
C) Peace Valve
D) A flappy thingy
What has valves?
A) The heart
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries
D) Veins
135/80 is high blood
pressure.
True or false?
6.
7.
8.
What does excessive weight
gain do to your circulatory
system?
A) Enlarges it
B) Squishes it
C) Enlarges the heart
D) Makes it harder for your
blood to carry oxygen
How do your kidneys affect
your blood pressure when it
is high?
A) Adding water
B) Removing water
C) Adding hormones
D) Removing hormones
The AV node sends signals
that make the heart
contract.
True or false?
9.
10.
What does a
sphygmomanometer do?
A) Measures your pulse
B) Measures your blood
pressure
C) Measures the viscosity of
your blood
D) Measures the oxygen levels
in your blood
What are the 2 leading
causes of cardiovascular
disease?
A) High blood pressure and
atherosclerosis
B) High blood pressure and
smoking
C) Smoking and atherosclerosis
D) Smoking and hypertension
37-3
The Respiratory System
What is Respiration?
The blood carries
oxygen to the tissues
and carbon dioxide
away from the tissues
Respiration means
the process of gas
exchange
The Human Respiratory System
The basic function of the
human respiratory system is to
exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide between blood, air, and
tissues
The respiratory system
consists of the nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and
lungs
The pharynx is a passageway
for both air and food
Airs moves from the pharynx
into the trachea
Trachea = windpipe
The epiglottis is the flap of
tissue over the trachea
Cilia and Mucus
To keep the lung tissue
healthy, air must be
warmed, moistened and
filtered
Large dust gets trapped
by nose hairs
Mucus moistens air and
traps dust and smoke
Cilia sweep trap particles
and mucus away from the
lungs
The Larynx
Consists of 2 highly
elastic flaps of tissue
called the vocal cords
Air moving between
the vocal cords allow
you to speak
The Bronchi
The bronchi are the two
large tubes that connect
your larynx and your
lungs
Each bronchi separates
into smaller bronchi which
separate into bronchioles
The bronchi end in tiny air
sacs called alveoli where
the diffusion between
gasses takes place.
Gas Exchange
The process of gas
exchange in the lungs
is very efficient
Hemoglobin in the
blood helps red blood
cells carry oxygen
Breathing
If you don’t breathe, you DIE
The diaphragm is the large flat
muscle at the bottom of the
lungs
The diaphragm creates suction
into your lungs when it
contracts, allowing you to
breathe
Muscles around your rib cage
allow you to exhale with
greater force, allowing you to
do things such as blow out
candles
A puncture in the chest cavity
would allow air to seep in and
ruin the air pressure, making it
impossible to breathe
How Breathing is Controlled
The part of your brain that
controls breathing is the
medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata sends
impulses to your diaphragm
according to your blood’s
carbon dioxide levels, which is
how your body forces you to
breathe.
If air has no oxygen in it, your
body will not notice because
your blood’s CO2 levels are
normal due to the fact that you
can still exhale
Tobacco and Respiratory System
Smoking
damages your
lungs
Substances in Tobacco
The three most
dangerous substances in
cigarettes are nicotine,
carbon monoxide, and tar
Nicotine increases your
heart rate and blood
pressure
Carbon monoxide blocks
the hemoglobin’s ability to
transport oxygen
Tar causes cancer
Tar
Effects on Respiratory System
Tobacco smoke
paralyses the cilia,
which allows the
smoke direct access
into your lungs
It also makes the
lining of your
respiratory tract swell,
which reduces air flow
Diseases Caused by Smoking
In chronic bronchitis, the
bronchi become swollen and
clogged with mucus
Smoking can cause
emphysema- the loss of
elasticity in the lungs
Emphysema make breathing
difficult and reduces the
amount of oxygen delivered to
the tissue
Lung cancer is especially
dangerous because it spreads
so quickly
Smoking narrows the blood
vessels
Smoking and the Nonsmoker
Second hand smoke
is just as dangerous
Second hand smoke
is especially
damaging to young
children and can lead
to asthma
Vocab
Pharynx- The
passageway for both air
and food
Trachea- The windpipe
Larynx- The vocal cords
Bronchi- The two large
passageways into the
lungs
Alveoli- Tiny air sacs
where the diffusion of
gasses takes place
Diaphragm- The large
flat muscle that allows
you to breathe
Nicotine- A stimulant that
increases heart rate and
blood pressure
Emphysema- The loss of
elasticity of the tissue of
the lungs
Self-Test Questions
1.
What are the components of
the respiratory system?
The _____, _____,
_____, _____,
_____, and _____.
2.
What can long term effect
second hand smoke have on
kids?
A) Lung cancer
B) Addiction problems
C) Emphysema
D) Asthma
3.
What part of cigarette smoke
causes cancer?
A) Nicotine
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Tar
D) Glue fumes
4.
You can still breathe even if
there is no oxygen in the air.
True or false?
5.
What part of the throat
contains the vocal cords?
A) Pharynx
B) Larynx
C) Trachea
D) Bronchus
6.
What passes through the
trachea?
A) Food
B) Water
C) Air
D) All of the above
7.
Gas diffusion takes place in
the…
A) Bronchiole
B) Alveoli
C) Bronchus
D) Capillaries
8.
How do your vocal cords
work?
9.
Respiration means?
10.
?
A) .
B) .
C) .
D) .
Key
37-1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
D
C
A
A&D
False
A
B
False/ it carries signals from
the SV node
9. B
10. A
37-3
1. The nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, and lungs
2. D
3. C
4. True/ you can breathe, you
just don’t receive oxygen
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. Air passes through the two
flaps and vibrates according
to how tight or loose they are
9. The process of gas exchange