Transcript The Respiratory System

Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Respiratory Health
Objectives
List the functions of the respiratory system.
Describe how air travels through your
respiratory system, and how you breathe.
Identify ways to keep the respiratory system
healthy.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Health Stats What does the graph suggest about asthma rates?
Describe some factors that could contribute to the rise and
fall of asthma rates.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
The Respiratory System
• The respiratory system is responsible for bringing
oxygen from the outside environment into the body.
• It also removes carbon dioxide from the body.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
The Pathway of Air
On its way to the lungs, air passes through the
• nose
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Cilia
Cilia line most of the respiratory tract. Cilia
capture mucus that contains dust and
microorganisms and sweep it toward your
throat to be swallowed.
The Respiratory System
Trachea
Nose
and Nasal Cavities
Air enters
The
trachea,
theor
body
windpipe,
throughleads
two
nostrils
from
theand
larynx
thentomoves
the lungs.
into the
nasal cavities.
Bronchus
Pharynx
The trachea divides into two
Next air enters the pharynx, or
bronchi (singular, bronchus),
throat. The mouth also connects
which are cartilage-ringed tubes
to the pharynx.
that enter each lung.
Epiglottis and Larynx
Lung
Air travels from the pharynx to
In
lungs,
bronchi
like
thethe
larynx.
The
larynxdivide
contains
branches
of a tree
into smaller
the vocal cords.
When
you
tubes.
At the
the epiglottis
end of theseals
smallest
swallow,
the
tubes
the alveoli.
larynxare
to prevent
foodOxygen
or liquid
and
dioxide
are
fromcarbon
entering
the trachea.
exchanged in alveoli.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Gas Exchange
• At the end of the smallest tubes in the lungs
are millions of tiny sacs that look like bunches
of grapes.
• These sacs, called alveoli (singular, alveolus),
are where gases are exchanged between the
air and the blood.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Alveoli
Blood rich in
carbon dioxide
Blood rich
in oxygen
Capillary
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
The Breathing Process
The breathing process is controlled by the actions of
muscles in your ribs and chest.
• Inhalation
• When you inhale, the diaphragm (DY uh fram), a domeshaped muscle that lies below the lungs, flattens.
• The chest cavity enlarges, the volume of the lungs
increases, and air flows in.
• Exhalation
• When you exhale, or breathe out, the diaphragm
moves upward.
• The rib muscles relax and the ribs drop.
• These movements make the chest cavity smaller and
squeeze air from the lungs.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Inhalation
Exhalation
The volume of the
The volume of the
lungs increases,
lungs decreases,
and air flows in.
and air is pushed
out.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Active Art: The Respiratory System
Click on the screen above to launch the Active Art.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Keeping Healthy
You can keep your respiratory system healthy by
• avoiding tobacco smoke and air pollution
• treating asthma if you have it
• avoid respiratory infections
• get regular exercise
• maintain a healthy weight
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Avoiding Smoking and Air Pollution
• The most important think you can do to protect your
respiratory system is not to smoke.
• It is also important to avoid exposure to air pollutants
whenever possible.
• If you do work that generates fumes or dust wear a
mask.
• Work in a well-ventilated area when you paint or use
other chemicals.
• Before exercising outdoors on a hot, sunny day, check
local news reports for warnings about air quality.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Living With Asthma
• Asthma (AZ muh) is a disorder in which respiratory
passageways become inflamed.
• During an asthma attack, the passageways narrow
until air can barely pass through.
• As a result, the person wheezes, coughs, and has
difficulty breathing.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
For: Updates on asthma
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Other Healthful Behaviors
• Avoid Respiratory Infections Bronchitis is an
infection that causes the mucous membranes lining
the bronchi to become inflamed.
• Get Regular Exercise Exercise helps your lungs
become more efficient at taking in oxygen and
eliminating carbon dioxide.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight The respiratory system
of an overweight person must work harder to deliver
adequate oxygen than the system of a normal weight
person.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
Vocabulary
alveoli
diaphragm
asthma
bronchitis
The sacs in the lungs where gases are
exchanged between the air and the blood.
A dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that is
involved in the breathing process.
A disorder in which respiratory passageways
become inflamed and narrow during attacks,
leading to difficulty breathing.
An infection that causes the mucous
membranes lining the bronchi to become
inflamed.
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
QuickTake Quiz
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
For: Chapter 12 self test
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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health
End of Section 12.3
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