Transcript The Respiratory System

The
Respiratory System
The respiratory system is what we use to breathe. It may seem
simple to breathe, but it’s actually a pretty fancy system.
Usually you breathe without thinking – about 17,000 times
a day! Breathing brings oxygen into your lungs and body.
A lot happens between breathing in and breathing out, and all
that in about a second!
The most common way you can hurt your lungs is by breathing in
things that damage them – like smoke or sprayed chemicals.
Here’s one part of the body
you might not think is part of
breathing: Your BRAIN!
The brain controls every part of your
body, and the “breathing centre” is the
area of the brain that handles breathing.
The brain and the lungs are connected by
nerves from the nervous system.
Messages, like cars on a highway, travel
along the nerves back and forth from
your brain and lungs, telling your chest
muscles to move to make you breathe.
THAT’S WHY YOU CAN HOLD YOUR BREATH, BUT YOU HAVE TO BREATHE EVENTUALLY!
Do you know what your nose
knows? You’ll know it now!
The sinuses are hollow parts of your
head bones that go all the way to
your nostrils.
They can help you out by warming the
air breathed through your nose.
They also help by making your face
bones lighter and your voice louder.
THAT’S WHY SNORING IS LOUD - YOU BREATHE THROUGH YOUR SINUSES AT NIGHT.
Swallow hard, but you might
hurt your Pharynx. Just kidding.
When you breathe, air goes
through your mouth or nose
and down into your throat. The
fancy name for your throat is
the pharynx. It runs all the
way from the back of your
nose and mouth to your
windpipe. Both air and food go
down it, but at different times
– so it’s used for two things!
IT’S ALSO THE PLACE WHERE YOUR TONSILS LIVE!
The esophagus is located
right beneath your pharynx,
or throat. Simply, it’s your
food tube – and water goes
here, too. It’s about 25
centimetres long and ends
at your stomach.
This is actually part of the
food or digestive system,
and not your breathing
system, but it sure is close!
WHEN YOU CHOKE AND CAN STILL BREATHE, YOUR FOOD MIGHT BE CAUGHT IN YOUR ESOPHAGUS.
Your windpipe or trachea
carries air to your lungs.
It’s about 10 centimetres
long and kept open by Cshaped rings of cartilage.
This lets it rest snugly
against the esophagus.
YOU BREATHE OUT THROUGH THE TRACHEA, TOO.
Did you know you have
a “food flap?”
To keep food from getting into your
windpipe you need a food flap or a lid.
Your epiglottis has rubbery bones
called cartilage inside it so it’s stiff
like a container lid.
It sits on top of your voice box to make
sure food doesn’t go into the lungs.
IF YOU EAT TOO FAST AND “INHALE YOUR FOOD”, IT’S BECAUSE YOU DIDN’T CLOSE YOUR EPIGLOTTIS!
The bump you can feel on
your throat is your voice
box or Larynx. It’s just
above your windpipe and
the walls of the larynx
are cartilage, too. It
contains and protects the
vocal cords that vibrate
so you can talk, make silly
sounds, and sing.
IF YOUR LARYNX MOVES AT A HIGH SPEED, YOU HEAR HIGH SOUNDS,
AND LOW SPEEDS OF MOVEMENT MAKE LOW SOUNDS.
Your Lungs can easily fill with
air because they are spongy,
flexible sacks. They are filled
with air tubes and blood
vessels to move oxygen.
The oxygen-carrying red
blood cells leave the lung,
go to the heart and then
to the rest of the body.
WHEN YOU TAKE A DEEP DREATH, YOUR LUNGS GET BIGGER – AND WHEN YOU LET IT OUT, THEY GET SMALER.
Another body part that
protects the lungs is
the pleura, a double
skin, or membrane that
keeps them inside
the chest.
WHEN YOU TAKE A DEEP DREATH, YOUR LUNGS GET BIGGER – AND WHEN YOU LET IT OUT, THEY GET SMALER.
Your ribs are the wall
protecting the lungs from
the outside world.
There are 12 pairs of
ribs – that’s 24 of
them in your chest. The
top 7 pairs are stuck to
the breastbone in front.
And all of them are
fastened in the back to
your spinal column.
YOUR RIBS ARE SOME OF THE BONES IN YOUR BODY THAT YOU CAN FEEL FROM THE OUTSIDE – TRY IT!
Your diaphragm is the
muscle that goes across the
body and separates the
lungs from the stomach.
When it’s relaxing it forms a
bulge in the chest cavity and
your lungs empty. When you
breathe in, your brain tells
it to flatten, and voila!
A breath!
TAKE A DEEP BREATH AND PUT YOUR HAND ON YOUR BELLY BUTTON – THAT’S THE DIAPHRAGM!
The insides of your
lungs are like an
upside down tree.
The windpipe is the
trunk, and the two
big branches are
called the bronchi.
The many smaller
branches are the
bronchioles.
GUESS WHAT PART OF YOUR LUNGS ARE SORE IF YOU HAVE “BRONCHITIS!”
Your nose, windpipe, and
airways are lined with
microscopic hairs called cilia.
Lying on top of the cilia is a
gooey layer of mucus. Dirt in
the air sticks to the mucus
and the cilia push it up to your
mouth or nose where it can be
swallowed or removed.
CILIA ARE HAIR – EXCEPT INSIDE YOUR BODY!
The alveoli are tiny sacks
that hang inside the lung
like a bunch of grapes. You
have millions of them!
Air sacks are surrounded
by tiny blood vessels, or
capillaries. Oxygen leaves
the air sacks and is traded
for carbon dioxide by red
blood cells.
CAPILLARIES
The air sacks release the
carbon dioxide when you
breathe out.
THE BIGGEST PART OF AIR IS NITROGEN. SINCE YOUR BODY CAN’T USE IT, YOU BREATHE THAT OUT, TOO.
Deflate
Sends a message
Transfers
from alveoli to
Cleans the air
1.
Brain
2. Sinuses
4.
14. Pharynx
Glottis
13. Epiglottis
12. Esophagus
11. Lungs
10. Pleura Membrane
Oral Cavity
Mouth and Tongue
4. Voice Box
5. Windpipe
6.
Ribs
7. Bronchi
(not shown here)
9. Diaphragm
Bronchiole
8. Alveoli
Capillaries
Bronchial Cilia
Mucus
Cells
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