Transcript Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Balloon Races in Switzerland
Function of the Respiratory System
• To exchange O2 and CO2 between the
environment and the organism
• To maintain homeostasis within the
organism
Different types of
Respiration
Plants…
• …exchange O2 and
CO2 through small
openings called
stomata.
• …use CO2 to complete
photosynthesis.
• …give off O2 as a
waste product.
Mollusks
• Most use gills.
– A system of projections that contain a rich
supply of blood so gases can be exchanged.
• Land snails & slugs have a primitive lung.
Segmented Worms
• Exchange gas through their moist skin.
Arthropods
• Arthropods (insects) need a quick system for
delivering oxygen because they are so active.
• Three types of respiration:
1. Gills- only in aquatic arthropods
2. Tracheal Tubes- branching network of air
passages, muscles help pump air throughout the
body. Air enters and exits through small openings
called spiracles.
3. Book Lungs- only spiders and their relatives; air
filled chambers that contain plates
Arthropods with Gills
Arthropods with Tracheal Tubes
Arthropods with Book Lungs
Echinoderms
• Use the water vascular system
– Take in water and exchange gas through tube
feet
Tube Feet
Fishes
• Fish take in water through the mouth.
• The water passes over the gills to
exchange gases then leaves through gill
slits.
• Gills are covered with tiny blood vessels –
which is the site of gas exchange.
Amphibians
• Many exchange gas through their moist
skin.
• Few have lungs
• Young amphibians have gills (tadpoles)
but later develop lungs (frogs)
Reptiles
• Depend on lungs for gas exchange
Birds
• Lungs & Air Sac
structures
• These provide the
birds with more
oxygen per breath
• Birds need lots of
oxygen for flying
Mammals
• Use lungs for gas exchange
Question:
Which type is the most complex?
Which is the least complex?
Human Respiratory System
Components of the
Respiratory System
1. Nostrils or Mouth: where air enters the
body – air is filtered, cleaned and
warmed
2. Pharynx (throat): passageway used by
nutrients and air
3. Epiglottis: flap of tissue that covers your
“wind pipe”
4. Larynx: airway where your vocal cords
are found
Components of the
Respiratory System - 2
5. Trachea: tube surrounded with circles of
cartilage that prevents it from collapsing,
also filters air
6. Bronchi or Bronchus: two short tubes
that lead to your lungs
7. Lungs: located on either side of your
heart
8. Alveoli: small sacs located inside the
lung where oxygen and carbon dioxide
are located.
Human Lungs
Healthy Lung
Lung Cancer
Emphysema
Alveoli
• Your lung is filled with sac
like structures called
alveoli.
• The alveoli look like a
bunch of grapes.
Alveoli
• Each alveoli is
covered with
capillaries – which
are the location of
gas exchange.
– Carbon dioxide is
dropped off by
RBCs.
– Oxygen is picked
up by RBCs.
**Review**
Think back: The heart pumps
blood to your heart to do what?
After it does this, where does the
blood go?
Clean Air
• Your lungs, nasal cavity,
trachea, and bronchi are
lined with ciliated cells
that secrete mucus.
• The mucus traps
particles from the air to
protect your body.
Clean Air
• The cilia constantly
beat upward in the
direction of your
throat to move the
mucus and trapped
particles.
• Foreign material can
be swallowed or
expelled by coughing
or sneezing.
Breathing
• Your lungs are not
made of muscle and
therefore cannot fill or
empty air without
help.
• A thin muscle, called
the diaphragm, is
located underneath
your lungs.
Diaphragm
• relaxes to
force air out
of your lungs.
• contracts to
draw air into
your lungs.
What is in control?
• The medulla oblongata,
a part of the brain, is
responsible for
maintaining
homeostasis – which
includes the amount of
O2 or CO2 in your body.
• Your brain sends
signals to your rib
muscles directing them
to contract which forces
you to inhale.