Transcript Chapter 08 Transport

Chapter 8
Transport
Transport
Is the absorption and
circulation within an
organism
Passive Transport
vs.
Active Transport
Passive Transport
A type of transport in which
materials move across the cell
membrane without using
energy
( high concentration to low concentration)
Diffusion
The movement of particles
from an area of high
concentration to an area of
low concentration
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a
semipermeable membrane from
a region of high concentration to
a region of low concentration
Example of Passive transport
Active Transport
A type of transport requiring
energy to move materials
across the cell membrane
(low concentration to high concentration)
Concentration Gradient
The difference in concentration
between a region of high
concentration and a region of low
concentration
passive transport
active transport
the movement of materials the movement of materials against
across a plasma membrane a concentration gradient (from
in which the cell expends regions of low concentration to
no energy
regions of high concentration) buy
using energy from ATP.
•Diffusion
•Endocytosis
•Osmosis
•Phagocytosis
•Plasmolysis
•Pinocytosis
•Facilitated Diffusion
•Exocytosis
Cell membrane
Made up of proteins and lipids
Also known as :
- plasma membrane
- selective membrane
Is semipermeable membrane
Water molecules are small enough to
easily diffuse across the cell membrane
Lipids
Cytoplasm
Protein
I. Absorption
Absorption
The passage of materials
across the cell membrane
and into the cell
Circulation
The movement of materials within a cell
and/or throughout an organism
a) intracellular circulation
within the cell
(cyclosis)
Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Intercellular circulation

blood circulation throughout body


heart, blood vessels, capillaries
Gastrovascular cavity
II. Circulation
Intracellular Circulation
Circulation within the
cell
Ex: Cyclosis
Intracellular Circulation
(Cyclosis)
Intercellular Circulation
Circulation outside of
the cell
Ex: blood, heart,
III. Organisms
Transport in Vascular Plants
Plants have vascular (conducting)
tissue known as xylem and phloem
1. Xylem- carries water and dissolved
materials upward from the roots to the
stems and leaves.
2. Phloem- carries food (glucose) and
other organic compounds from the
leaves throughout the rest of the plant.
Roots
Roots are structures that specialize
in the absorption of water and
minerals from the soil, and the
movement of these materials upward
to the stem
Root Hairs
Found on roots
Increase surface
area for water
absorption
Stems
Structure is more complex than
roots
The xylem and phloem tubes are
continuous with the xylem and
phloem of the roots
Leaves
The xylem and phloem tubes in the
leaves are in vascular bundles called
veins
The xylem and phloem tubes are
continuous with the xylem and
phloem of the roots and stems
Bryophytes
vs.
Tracheophytes
Tale of Two Plants
Tracheophytes
Has Vascular tissue

Xylem, phloem
More complex
True roots, stems,
leaves
Trees, flowers,
bushes, Vegetables,
Grasses, etc
Bryophytes
Lacks Vascular tissue
Must be in moist Env.
Limited growth
capabilities
Simple plants
NO true roots, stems,
leaves
Mosses + liverworts
Bryophytes
Are simple, multicellular
organisms that lack vascular
tissue (xylem and phloem)
Therefore, transport is done
by diffusion through cell
membrane
Bryophytes
- The Bryophytes
have
- no true roots,
stems or leaves.
- No vascular tissue
(no tubes)
Ex: moss
-
Tracheophytes
Are higher, more complex
multicellular organisms that
have vascular tissue for
transport
Tracheophytes
- 2. Tracheophytes-
Have true roots,
stems, and leaves.
- Have vascular tissue
- Ex: trees and
flowering plants
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Section 8-3
Review
Light
water
CO2
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
NADP+
ADP + P
LightDependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH
O2
Sugars
Leaf Cross Section
Cuticle
Veins
Epidermis
Palisade
mesophyll
Xylem
Vein
Phloem
Spongy
mesophyll
Epidermis
Stoma
Guard
cells
Root
Longitudinal
Section ( #7 )
Transport in a Root
Section 23-2
Section Outline
23–5
Transport in Plants
A. Water Transport
1. Capillary Action
2. Transpiration
3. Controlling Transpiration
4. Transpiration and Wilting
B. Nutrient Transport
1. Functions of Phloem
2. Movement From Source to Sink
Stomates and Guard cells
Stomates and Guard cells
a specialized cell on the undersurface of
leaves for controlling gas exchange and
water loss.
The Guard cells control the stomatal
openings in the epidermis of the leaf.
Diagram #1-342
Gas Exchange : Lenticels
a spongy area present in the cork
(bark) surfaces of the stems, roots, and
other parts of vascular plants.
It appears on the surface as a
lenticular (lens-shaped) spot, which
acts as a pore.
These structures allow for the
exchange of gases between the
internal tissues and atmosphere to
occur across the bark which would
otherwise prevent this exchange of
gases.
Water Movement
Movement of nutrients and
water from the ground and
into the root hairs involve the
following:
1. Diffusion (nutrients in)
2. Osmosis (water in)
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from
the leaves through the stomates
Transpiration calls for the need
of more water in the leaves, and
as a result, water is pulled
upward to replace the water that
has evaporated
Transpirational Pull
The upward pull of water
through the xylem due to
transpiration
Transpiration
video 23.a
A
B
Evaporation of water
molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward
from the roots.
Transpiration
A
B
Evaporation of water
molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward
from the roots.
Transport videos
Transpiration video 23.a
Translocation 23.b
Figure 23–24 Phloem Transport
Section 23-5
Phloem Xylem
Sugar
molecules
Source cell
Movement
of water
Movement
of sugar
Sink cell
Organisms
Protists
Ameoba
 Paramecium

Animals
Hydra
 Earthworm
 Grasshopper

Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Protozoan, Amoeba (ameba)
Oxygen
Metabolic
Waste
CO2
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Protozoan, Paramecium
Anterior
Contractile
vacuole
Posterior
Contractile
vacuole
cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Circulation in Protista
Phylum: Protozoan
 Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium
No specialized transport system
Materials enter and leave by:
 diffusion and active transport
 Uses
contractile vacuoles
Ex. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
Invertebrates Review
Intestine
Gizzard
Crop
Mouth/anus
Pharynx
Mouth
Gastrovascular
cavity
Annelid
Anus
Gastrovascular
cavity
Cnidarian
Pharynx
Crop
Arthropod
Anus
Pharynx
Mouth
Mouth/anus
Flatworm
Stomach
and
digestive glands
Rectum
Intestine
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Coelenterate
Mouth/anus
Gastrovascular
cavity
AKA: Cnidarian
Cnidaria Review:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Coelenterates or Cnidaria
 Simple multicellular organisms
 2 cell layers thick, endo and ectodermic layers
 Every cell in contact with the environment
 Carries out Extracellular circulation in Gastrovascular
cavity (GVC)
 Diffusion of gasses in and out
Ingests nutrients by Phagocytosis
 Carries out Intracellular Circulation by Cyclosis and
diffusion
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Anus
Setae
Body segments
Gizzard Crop
Dorsal
blood vessel
Clitellum
Mouth
Brain
Ganglion
Circular muscle
Longitudinal
muscle
Prentice Hall chapter 27
Nephridia
Ganglia
Ring
vessels
Reproductive
organs
Ventral
blood vessel
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Annelida AKA Segmented Worms
Skin is moist for oxygen permeability
Closed Circulatory system
Blood contains IRON bases PROTEIN
HEMOGLOBIN. Red color
Double diffusion of O2
 through skin then body cells
Absorbs digested end products using typhlosole
Phylum: Annelids
(Segmented worms)
Transport Similarities
Heartlike structure
Hearts
Blood
vessels
Heart
Sinuses
and organs
Heartlike
structures
Insect:
Open Circulatory
System
Blood
vessels
Annelid:
Closed Circulatory
System
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Open circulatory system, meaning the blood flows into the
tissue and comes into direct contact with all the cells.
Blood is transparent-green, lacks iron based hemoglobin.
ITS COPPER BASED
Blood only carries nutrients. NO GASES
Special tubes transport the oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Has only one blood vessel, the aorta
Heart pumps the blood through the aorta and into the tissue
or body spaces where materials are exchanged.
The blood returns to the heart through valve like openings
in the heart wall. SINUSES