Transcript AP #15L1 - Defiance City Schools

Chapter 15
Lecture 4, Pgs. 461-468
Lymphatic system
 Many additional
substances, including
fluid and protein
molecules, that cannot
enter or return through
the capillary walls are
returned to the blood as
lymph
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Lymph
Specialized fluid formed in the tissue
spaces that is transported by lymphatic
vessels to re-enter the circulatory
system
Lymph
 The lymph is drained
into the subclavian
veins through the right
lymphatic duct and the
thoracic duct
 * See figure 15-3, page
463
3/4 of the body drains
through the thoracic duct,
which is the largest
lymphatic vessel in the body
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Lymph
 The lymph system
also includes the
lymph nodes,
thymus & spleen
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Lymph nodes
 Lymph goes through
nodes as it works its
way back to the veins
 They are located in
clusters along the
pathway of lymph
vessels
 * See figure 15-1, page
462
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Lymph nodes
Functions:
 1. White blood cell formation
 2. Filtration (defense)
Lymph nodes
 Lymph nodes will
swell during bouts
with infection
Examples: swollen
“glands” in the neck or
throat area, armpit, or
groin areas, or others
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Lymph nodes
 Doctors will examine
nodes for presence
of cancer cells
If found it probably
metastasized
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Thymus
 Small lymph tissue
located in the
mediastinum
Important in the formation
of T cells
T cells help in immunity
HIV infects and destroys T
cells
Person has little immunity
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Tonsils
 Lymph tissue in the
mouth & back of the
throat; form protective
ring around internal
opening of nose &
throat
Help protect against
bacteria that may invade
tissues in that area
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Tonsils
Palatine- each side of throat
* See figure 15-8, page 468
Pharyngeal- near back of nasal cavity
(also known as adenoids)
Lingual- near base of tongue
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Tonsils
May be chronically infected and have to
be removed if they do not respond to
antibiotics
 Tonsillitis- inflammation of the tonsils
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Spleen
 Largest lymph tissue
located high in the
upper left quadrant
just lateral to the
stomach
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Spleen
Has a very rich blood supply (up to one
pint)
Filters, destroys old RBC’s, salvages
iron to be used later, holds blood so it
can be returned to the bloodstream if
needed
Spleen
 It can be injured by
trauma, especially if it is
swollen or enlarged
(protected some by
ribs)
It will enlarge
(splenomegaly) during some
diseases, like mono, scarlet
fever, syphilis, typhoid fever
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Spleen
 If injured, it may be life
threatening because of
internal bleeding
Severe pain in the
abdomen, pain down left arm
Spleen may have to be
removed (splenectomy) to
stop loss of blood
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