Transcript Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System

THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEMS:
The Cardiovascular and
Lymphatic Systems
Overview of the Circulatory System
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The
Pathway
Cardiovascular System: The
Medium
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The
Pathway
Blood
Blood: The “river of life”
The only fluid
tissue of the
body
Blood Composition
Blood Composition
• 45% blood cells
–Erythrocytes (RBC), which
transport oxygen
–Leukocytes (WBC), which protect
the body against pathogens
–Platelets, cell fragments that aid
in blood clotting
Blood Composition
• 55% plasma
–Straw-colored liquid that
consists of 90% water and
dissolved substances (nutrients,
salts, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
hormones, plasma proteins, and
wastes)
Is Blood Blue?
The color of blood depends on
the amount of oxygen it is
carrying
–Bright red (oxygen-rich
blood)
–Dark red (oxygen-poor
blood)
Cardiovascular System:
The Conduit
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The
Pathway
Blood
Arteries and
Veins
The Conduit
• Arteries, arterioles, and
capillary beds carry O2 rich
blood away from the heart
• Venules and veins carry O2
poor blood to the heart
Exceptions
• Pulmonary (lung) veins carry
O2 rich blood from the lungs to
the heart.
• Pulmonary arteries carry O2
poor blood from the heart to
the lungs.
Arteries vs. Veins
The Similarities
• Both carry blood
• Both have three tunics (3-layered)
–Tunica interna (inner layer)
–Tunica media (middle layer of
smooth muscle)
–Tunica externa (outer layer)
The Differences: Arteries
• Arteries have thicker walls
in order to withstand the
higher pressure due to
increased blood flow from
the heart
The Differences: Arteries
• Most arteries carry O2 rich
blood from the heart
• Capillary beds are one cell
layer thick and provide
nourishment to cells and carry
waste away from cells
The Differences: Veins
• Veins have thinner walls
• Veins have larger openings
(lumen)
• Large veins have valves to
prevent the backflow of blood
The Differences: Veins
• Action of lungs and muscles
aid in venous return
• Most veins carry O2 poor blood
back to the heart
Cardiovascular System:
The Pump
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
The Medium
Blood
The Conduit Arteries and
Veins
The Pump
The Heart
The
Pathway
The Heart
• Located in the
bony thorax (rib
cage)
• Flanked by lungs
on both sides
• Muscular pump
with four
chambers
–Two atrium
–Two ventricles
Circulation of Blood Through the
Heart
Cardiovascular System:
The Pathway
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The Pathway
Cardiovascular
System
Blood
Arteries and
Veins
The Heart
Systemic and
Pulmonary
Circulation
Lymphatic
System
The Lymphatic System
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The Pathway
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
Blood
Arteries and
Veins
The Heart
Systemic and
Pulmonary
Circulation
The Lymphatic System:
The Medium
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The Pathway
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
Blood
Lymph
Arteries and
Veins
The Heart
Systemic and
Pulmonary
Circulation
Lymph
• Means “clear water”
• Consists of fluids leaked from
blood vessels that remain in
tissue spaces
• Primarily water with a small
amount of dissolved proteins
Lymphatic System:
The Conduit
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The Pathway
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
Blood
Lymph
Arteries and
Lymphatic
Veins
vessels
The Heart
Systemic and
Pulmonary
Circulation
Lymphatic Vessels
• Pick up excess tissue fluid and
return it to the bloodstream
• One-way system (lymph only
flows toward the heart)
• Vessels become successively
larger until it is returned to the
venous system
• Like veins, lymphatic vessels
–Have thin walls
–Are large vessels with valves
–Have lower pressure than
arteries
–Move lymph along by the
action of lungs and muscles
Lymphatic Capillaries
• Lymphatic capillaries drain
tissues of fluid then deposit the
fluid into lymphatic vessels.
• Tissue fluid flows into the
lymphatic vessel when the fluid
pressure increases in tissues.
Inflow from Tissue Fluid
Endothelial
cells
overlap
to allow
fluid in,
not out.
Lymphatic System:
The Pump
The Medium
The Conduit
The Pump
The Pathway
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
System
System
Blood
Lymph
Arteries and
Lymphatic
Veins
Vessels
The Heart
No Pump
Systemic and
Pulmonary
Circulation
No pump System
• The lymphatic system has no
pump.
• Lymph moves along by the
action of lungs and muscles
Lymphatic System:
The Pathway
Cardiovascular
System
Lymphatic
System
The Medium
Blood
Lymph
The Conduit
Arteries and Veins
Lymphatic
Vessels
The Heart
No Pump
Systemic and
Pulmonary
Circulation
Right
Lymphatic
Duct and
Thoracic Duct
The Pump
The Pathway
Lymphatic System:
The Pathway
• The lymphatic vessels on the
right side of the body drains
into the right lymphatic duct
then into the right subclavian
vein
• The rest of the lymphatic vessels
drain into the thoracic duct then
into the left subclavian vein
Lymphatic Nodes
• Lymph nodes protect the body by
removing foreign materials, such
as bacteria and tumor cells
• Produce lymphocytes that
function in the pathogen-fighting
response
• Vary in shape and size
Lymphatic Organs
• Lymphatic organs protect the body
against pathogens
–Spleen (filters and cleanses the
blood of bacteria, viruses, and
other debris)
–Thymus
–Tonsils
–Peyer’s patches