Transcript Combining Forms & Suffixes

BASIC
MEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY
Presented by:
Penny Osmon, BA, CPC
Wisconsin Medical Society Copyright 2007
Objectives
• Reviewing body systems and related
medical terms
• Understanding how medical terms are
formed including combining forms, prefixes
and suffixes
• Learning to define, spell and pronounce
medical terms according to the component
word parts
• Forming a foundation that allows
continuing expansion of medicla
terminology skills
What We Will Cover Today!
•
•
•
•
•
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•
Basic Medical Word Structure
Gastrointestinal System
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Nervous System, Special Senses
Integumentary System
STOP!
I will now test your knowledge
Word Root
• Foundation or core
• All medical words contain one or more
• Conveys fundamental meaning
Example: HEPAT/ITIS
"HEPAT" (liver) is the word root.
SUFFIX
• Medical terms may/may not contain a suffix
• Attached to the end of a word root
• Alters or modifies the meaning
Example: HEPAT/ITIS
"-ITIS" (inflammation) is the suffix.
PREFIX
• Attached to the beginning
• Influences the meaning
• Not all medical terms contain a prefix
Example: SUB/HEPAT/IC
"SUB-" (under) is the prefix.
("-IC" is the suffix for pertaining to, subhepatic
means pertaining to under the liver.)
COMBINING VOWEL
•
•
•
•
•
•
Usually an “O”
Links two word roots or a word root and a suffix
Eases pronunciation
Not all medical terms contain combining vowels
Has no meaning of its own
A word root which a vowel is attached is called a
combining form
RULES
• When connecting two word roots, a
combining vowel is usually used even when
vowels are present at the junction oste/o/arthr/itis
• When connecting a word root and a suffix, a
combining vowel is usually not used if the
suffix begins with a vowel - hepat/ic
BREAKDOWN
• Medical terms include pertinent word parts, not all
the time
• Breakdown can sometimes be misleading
• Knowing the breakdown will help with the learning
process
• Breakdown alone will not always give you the
entire meaning of the term
• Useful tool for identifying procedure, anatomical site
or condition
EXAMPLES
• LEUK/EMIA - literally means blood
condition of white; actual meaning is large
increase in the number of cancerous
abnormal white blood cells
• AUT/O/PSY - literally means process of
viewing self; actual meaning is exam of
dead body (with one’s own eyes) to
determine cause of death
Analyzing and Defining
Medical terms are usually read “backwards”
or suffix first
Examples:
HYPO GASTR IC
Pertaining to below the stomach
NEURO LOGY
Study of Nerves
SUFFIXES
Pertaining To
 -AC
 -AL
 -AR
 -ARY
 -EAL
 -IAC
 -IC
 -ICAL
-INE
-IOR
-OSE
-OUS
-TIC
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hypogastric
Peritoneal
Cellac
Pulmonary
Infectious
Diagnose
SUFFIXES
Abnormal
 -OSIS
 -IASIS
• Cholelithiasis
• Endometriosis
SUFFIXES
One Who
 -OR
 -ER
• Doctor
• Professor
• Explorer
SUFFIXES
Specializes In
 -IST
•
•
•
•
Cardiologist
Proctologist
Neurologist
Allergist
SUFFIXES
Pain
 -ALGIA
• Cephalalgia
 Headache
SUFFIXES
Hernia
 -CELE
•
•
Cystocele
Varicocele
SUFFIXES
Surgical Puncture
 -CENTESIS
• Thoracentesis
SUFFIXES
Pain
• -DYNIA
• Gastrodynia
• Mastodynia
SUFFIXES
Stretching
 -ECTASIA
• Gastrectasia
SUFFIXES
To Cut or Remove
 -ECTOMY
• Gastrectomy
• Appendectomy
• Tonsillectomy
SUFFIXES
Vomiting
 -EMESIS
• Hyperemesis
SUFFIXES
Blood Condition
 -EMIA
• Anemia
• Leukemia
SUFFIXES
Recording or
Tracing
 -GRAM
• Radiogram
SUFFIXES
Process of Recording • Radiography
 -GRAPHY
• Cardiography
SUFFIXES
Inflammation of
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Warmth
 -ITIS
• Gastritis
• Appendicitis
• Tonsillitis
SUFFIXES
Process
 -ION
• Incision
SUFFIXES
Study of
Science of
 -LOGY
•
•
•
•
Gastrology
Hematology
Cardiology
Neurology
SUFFIXES
Tumor


Benign
Malignant
– OMA
•
•
•
•
Gastroma
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Sarcoma
SUFFIXES
To View
 -OPSY
• Biopsy
SUFFIXES
Disease of
 -PATHY
• Hepatopathy
• Neuropathy
• Cardiopathy
SUFFIXES
Drooping
Sagging
 -PTOSIS
• Nephroptosis
SUFFIXES
Surgical Repair
 -PLASTY
• Rhinoplasty
• Bronchoplasty
SUFFIXES
Severe Bleeding
Bursting
 -RRHAGIA
 -RRHAGE
• Hemorrhage
• Menorrhagia
• Meningorrhagia
SUFFIXES
Suturing
 - RRHAPHY
• Gastrorrhaphy
SUFFIXES
Instrument for Visual
Exam
 -SCOPE
• Gastroscope
• Proctoscope
• Bronchoscope
SUFFIXES
Visual Examination
 -SCOPY
• Gastroscopy
• Laparoscopy
• Bronchoscopy
SUFFIXES
Sudden Muscle
Contraction
 -SPASM
• Pylorospasm
• Bronchiospasm
• Vasospasm
SUFFIXES
Stopping
Controlling
 -STASIS
• Hemostasis
SUFFIXES
Tightening
Stricture
 -STENOSIS
•
•
•
•
Pyloristenosis
Aortostenosis
Pulmonarystenosis
Valvularstenosis
SUFFIXES
Artificial or Surgical • Gastrostomy
Opening
New Opening
 -STOMY
SUFFIXES
Instrument to Cut
 -TOME
• Osteotome
SUFFIXES
To Cut Into
 -TOMY
• Gastrotomy
• Laparotomy
SUFFIXES
Structure
 -UM
• Epigastrium
• Hypogastrium
PREFIXES
Negative Prefix
No, Not, Without
 A AN-
•
•
•
•
Afebrile
Amnesia
Anemia
Anesthesia
PREFIXES
Away From
 AB-
• Abnormal
• Aberration
• Abortion
PREFIXES
Before
 ANTE-
•
•
•
•
Antepartum
Anterior
Antecedent
Anteversion
PREFIXES
Against
 ANTI-
• Antibiotic
• Antidepressant
• Antidiuretic
PREFIXES
Through
Complete
 DIA-
• Diameter
• Diagnosis
• Diaphoretic
PREFIXES
Difficult
 DYS-
•
•
•
•
Dysesthesia
Dysopia
Dysmenorrhea
Dysphagia
PREFIXES
In, Within
 EN ENDO-
• Endoscope
• Encephalitis
• Endotracheal
PREFIXES
Above
 EPI-
• Epiglottis
• Epidermis
• Epistaxis
PREFIXES
Out
 EX EXO-
• Excretion
• Exopathy
• Exfoliate
PREFIXES
Half
 HEMI-
• Hemiplegia
• Hemicolectomy
• Hemisphere
PREFIXES
Excessive
Above
 HYPER-
• Hyperactive
• Hyperglycemia
• Hyperesthesia
PREFIXES
Below
Deficient
 HYPO-
• Hypoactive
• Hypodermic
• Hypokalemia
PREFIXES
Into
 IN-
• Incision
• Index
• Inflammation
PREFIXES
Between
 INTER-
•
•
•
•
Intercostal
Interfemoral
Intermission
Interval
PREFIXES
Within
 INTRA-
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•
•
•
Intraabdominal
Intracranial
Intracostal
Intramammary
PREFIXES
Surrounding
Around
Periphery
 PERI-
• Peritoneum
• Peritonsillar
• Peristalsis
PREFIXES
Increased
Many
Much
 POLY-
• Polycythemia
• Polyarthritis
• Polygraph
PREFIXES
After
Behind in Time or
Place
 POST-
• Postnatal
• Postoperative
• Postmortem
PREFIXES
Before
 PRO-
• Procedure
• Procreation
• Prophylaxis
PREFIXES
Back
Again
 RE-
• Reduplication
• Reduction
• Resection
PREFIXES
Behind
Backwards
 RETRO-
• Retroaction
• Retroversion
• Retropharynx
PREFIXES
Across
 TRANS-
• Transabdominal
• Transference
• Transfusion
COMBINING FORMS
ADEN/o
 Gland
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•
Adenoma
Adenosclerosis
Adenotomy
Adenodynia
COMBINING FORMS
•
ARTHR/O
 Joint
•
•
•
•
Arthritis
Arthroscopy
Arthroplasty
Arthrocentesis
COMBINING FORMS
• CARCIN/O
 Cancer
•
•
•
•
Carcinoma
Carcinogen
Carcinostatic
Carcinolysis
COMBINING FORMS
• CYST/O
 Fluid filled Sac
 Bladder
• Cystic
• Cystitis
COMBINING FORMS
• CYT/O
 Cell
• Cytology
• Cytogenic
• Cytonecrosis
COMBINING FORMS
• ERYTHR/O
 Red
•
•
•
•
Erythrocytosis
Erythrophobia
Erythropsia
Erythroderma
COMBINING FORMS
•
GEN/O
 Causing
 Caused by
• Carcinogenic
• Cytogenic
COMBINING FORMS
•
•
HEM/O
HEMAT/O
 Blood
• Hematology
• Hemocytology
COMBINING FORMS
•
IATR/O
 Relating to
treatment
 Relating to
physicians
 Relating to
medicine
• Iatrogenic
• Pediatrics
COMBINING FORMS
• LEUK/O
 White
• Leukemia
• Leukocytosis
COMBINING FORMS
• PATH/O
 Disease
• Pathology
• Pathologist
COMBINING FORMS
• PED/O
 Child
• Pediatrics
• Pediatrician
COMBINING FORMS
• PHAG/O
 To Eat
• Dysphagia
• Aphagia
COMBINING FORMS
• SECT/O
 To Cut
• Section
COMBINING FORMS
• THROMB/O
 Clot
• Thrombosis
• Thrombocytopenia
COMBINING FORMS
• VISCER/O
 Internal Organ
• Visceral
• Visceromegaly
Internal Organ
VISCER/O
Disease
PATH/O
Cell
CYT/O
Cancer
CARCIN/O
Joint
ARTHR/O
Blood
Hemo/o
Hemat/o
Arthritis
ARTHR/ITIS
WR
S
Hepatitis
HEPAT/ITIS
WR S
Subhepatic
SUB/HEPAT/IC
P WR S
Intravenous
INTRA/VEN/OUS
P
WR S
Arthropathy
ARTHR/O/PATHY
WR V S
Osteitis
OSTE/ITIS
WR S
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Alimentary Tract
• Digestive System
–
–
Abbreviated GI System or GI Tract
This system has three functions
•
•
•
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Organs of the Digestive Tract
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mouth
Pharynx or Throat
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Accessory Organs
–
–
–
–
–
Salivary Glands
Liver
Bile Ducts
Gallbladder
Pancreas
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Other Structures
– Peritoneum
– Appendix
– Abdomen
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Additional Terms
–
–
Bile or Biliary
Peristalsis
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Combining Forms
 OR/O
 PHARYNG/O
 ESOPHAG/O
 GASTR/O
 PYLOR/O
 ILE/O, ENTER/O
 DUODEN/O
 JEJUN/O
 ILE/O
Mouth or Oral Cavity
Pharynx or Throat
Esophagus
Stomach
Pyloric sphincter
Small Intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Combining Forms
 COL/O; COLON/O
 CEC/O
 APPENDIC/O
 APPEND/O
 SIGMOID/O
 RECT/O
 AN/O
 PROCT/O
Colon, Large Intestine
Cecum
Appendix
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus
Rectum & Anus
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Combining Forms
 HEPAT/O
 CHOL/E, BIL/I
 CHOLEDOCH/O
 CHOLECYST/O
 PANCREAT/O
 VISCER/O
Liver
Bile
Bile Ducts
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Viscera (any
internal organ)
GI - Combining Forms
• Combining Forms





BUCC/O
CELI/O
LAPAR/O
GLOSS/O
LINGU/O
Cheek
Abdomen/belly
Laparotomy
Tongue
Lingual
Buccal
Celiac
Hemiglossectomy
GI Combining Forms & Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
LITHI/O
OMENT/O
PERITONE/O
SIALADEN/O
SIAL/O
SIAL
Stones
Omentum
Peritoneum
Salivary Gland
Salivary; Saliva
Cholelithiasis
Omentectomy
Peritoneal
Sialism
#1
A partial or complete excision of the
tongue is?
Hemiglossectomy
#2
A plastic surgical repair of the
esophagus?
Esophagoplasty
#3
A surgical removal of part of all of the
stomach?
Gastrectomy
#4
The establishment of a permanent
passage between the stomach and
jejunum?
Gastrojejunostomy
#5
The visual examination of the rectum
and sigmoid colon?
Proctosigmoidoscopy
#6
A plastic surgical repair of the small
intestines?
Enteroplasty
#7
The surgical creation of a permanent
opening into the jejunum?
Jejunostomy
#8
A surgical repair of the anus or rectum?
Proctoplasty
Anoplasty
#9
The surgical repair of a bile duct?
Choledochoplasty
#10
Pertaining to under the tongue?
Subglossal
Sublingual
Cholecystectomy
Procedure
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
Hemicolectomy
Procedure
Removal of ½ or part of the colon
Pancreatoma
Diagnosis
Tumor of the Pancreas
Choledocholithiasis
Diagnosis
Abnormal condition of stones in the
bile duct
Diverticulectomy
Procedure
Removal of Diverticula
Esophagogastoduodenoscopy
Procedure
Visual exam of the esophagus,
stomach and duodenum
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Provides oxygen to all body cells
through blood
• Exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide
• Eliminates carbon dioxide from the
body
Organs of the
Respiratory System
EIGHT ORGANS
OF THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Lungs
Diaphragm
Mediastinum
Additional Terms
Respiratory System
• Apex (apices)
• Base
• Hilum
• Lobes
• Pleura
Top portion of lung
Lower portion of lung
Midline/bronchi enter
lungs
Division of lungs
Membrane sac that
surrounds each lung
Respiratory System
Combining Forms
• NAS/O
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RHIN/O
SINUS/O
PHARYNG/O
TONSILL/O
ADENOID/O
LARYNG/O
EPIGLOTT/O
Nose
Nose
Sinus
Pharynx
Tonsil
Adenoid
Larynx
Epiglottis
Respiratory System
Combining Forms
• TRACHE/O
•
•
•
•
BRONCH/O
BRONCH/I
BRONCHIOL/I
ALVEOL/O
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Respiratory System
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
•
•
CYAN/O
OX/O
LOB/O
PECTOR/O
THORAC/O
PHREN/O
Blue
Oxygen
Lobe
Chest
Thoracic
Diaphragm
Cyanosis
Anoxia
Lobectomy
Pectoral
Phrenic
Respiratory System
Combining Forms & Suffixes
• PLEUR/O
•
•
•
•
-PNEA
PNEUM/O
PNEUMON/O
PULMON/O
• -PTYSIS
Pleura
Breathing
Lung
Pleuritis
Dyspnea
Pneumorrhagia
Pneumonitis
Pulmonary
Spitting
Hemoptysis
#1
The digestive tract is also
known as the GI or
Alimentary Tract System.
#2
The combining form for
stomach is Gastr/o.
#3
The space between the lungs is
called the Mediastinum.
#4
The combining form “rhin/o”
means Nose.
#5
The combining form for lung
is Pneumo, Pneumon,
Pulmon
#6
The suffix –pnea means
breathing.
#7
The medical term for
inflammation of the stomach
and intestines is
gastroenteritis.
#8
The definition of the suffix –
algia is pain.
#9
The membrane surrounding
each lung is called the
pleura.
#10
The abbreviation NPO means
nothing by mouth.
Thoracentesis
Procedure
A puncture of the chest.
Endotracheal Intubation
Procedure
Inserting a tube into the trachea.
Tracheostomy
Procedure
Creating a new opening in the
trachea.
Hypoxia
Diagnosis
Low or deficient oxygen levels.
Rhinoplasty
Procedure
Surgical repair of the nose (nose
job).
Question 6
What is the difference between a
tracheotomy and tracheostomy?
Stomy = new opening
Tomy = incision/cut into
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
• Circulatory System
• Continually moves blood
throughout the body in order to provide
oxygen, hormones and nutrients to
the body tissue
• Removes waste material
Parts of the
Cardiovascular System
 Heart
 Muscular Organ
 Circulates blood through body
 Two upper chambers and two lower
chambers
Cardiovascular - Valves
• Tricuspid Valve
• Bicuspid Valve
• Semilunar Valves
Three Layers of Heart
• Pericardium
• Myocardium
• Endocardium
Cardiovascular
Blood Vessels
• Tube-like structures
• Carry blood through the body
• Average adult has over 60,000 miles of
blood vessels in their body
Cardiovascular
Arteries
• Carry blood away from heart
• Exception: Pulmonary Artery
 Arterioles
 Aorta
Cardiovascular
Veins
• Carry blood back to the heart
• Exception: Pulmonary Vein
 Venules
 Vena Cava
Cardiovascular
Capillaries
• Connect arterioles with venules
 This is where the actual exchange of nutrients and
waste occurs (good and bad)
 Walls only one cell thick
Cardiovascular
Blood
• Composed of plasma and formed elements
 Plasma
 Cells
– Erythrocytes
– Leukocytes
– Platelets (thrombocytes)
Cardiovascular System
Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pacemaker
Coronary Arteries
Septum
Pericardium
Systole
Diastole
Coagulation
Platelets
Cardiovascular
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
CARDI/O
ATRI/O
VALVUL/O
VENTRICUL/O
Heart
Right or Left Atrium
Any Valve
Right or Left Ventricle
Cardiovascular
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
•
•
AORT/O
ARTERI/O
ARTER/O
ARTERIOL/O
VENUL/O
VEN/O; PHLEB/O
Aorta
Artery
Arteriole
Venule
Vein
Cardiovascular; Combining
Forms, Prefixes & Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
ANGI/O
VAS/O
-SCLEROSIS
BRADY-CYTE
ERYTHR/O
Blood Vessel Angiogram
Vasospasm
Hardening
Arteriosclerosis
Slow
Bradycardia
Cell
Thrombocyte
Red
Erythrocytes
Cardiovascular; Combining
Forms, Prefixes & Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
LEUK/O
White
MY/O
Muscle
-MEGALY
Enlargement
ATHER/O
Plaque
TACHYFast
CHOLESTEROL/O
ANEURYSM/O
Leukocytes
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomegaly
Atherosclerosis
Tachycardia
Cholesterol
Aneurysm
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Removal of excessive waste products
• Lymph vessels found throughout the body
•
•
•
•
Lymphatic System
Parts
Lymph
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Thymus Gland
Lymphatic System
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
•
•
LYMPH/O
LYMPHADEN/O
TONSILL/O
ADENOID/O
THYM/O
SPLEN/O
Lymph
Lymph node
Tonsil
Adenoid
Thymus
Spleen
1. Lymph Node
C – Acts as a filter to keep
bacteria from the blood
2. Aorta
F – Largest artery in the body
3. Plasma
G – Liquid portion of the
blood
4. Vena Cava
Largest vein in the body
5. Leukocyte
I – White blood cell
6. Heart
J - Pumps blood throughout
the body.
7. Spleen
H – Largest lymphatic organ
in the body.
8. Erythrocyte
A – Red blood cell
9. Vein
E – Carries blood back to the
heart
10. Artery
D – Carries blood away from
the heart
Hypercholesterolemia
Diagnosis
Blood condition of excessive
cholesterol.
Aneurysmectomy
Procedure
Surgical removal of an aneurysm
Splenomegaly
Diagnosis
Enlargement of the spleen
Coronary Angiography
Procedure
A recording of the blood vessels
in the heart
Procedure that uses ultrasound
to assess the structures of the
heart
Echocardiography
Procedure that graphically
records the electrical impluses
of the heart on a strip of paper
Electrocardiogrphy
Surgical puncture of the
pericardium to remove fluid for
testing in order to determine the
causative organism of
pericarditis
Diagnostic
Pericardiocentesis
Mitral stenosis
MS
Series of tests that establish
diagnosis and the extent of
myocardial infarction by
checking the release of cardiac
enzymes into the blood
Cardiac Enzyme Studies
Radiographic study to identify
and locate thrombi in the veins
of the legs
Phlebography
Measures the efficiency of the
heart when subjected to a
predetermined exercise
Stress/Exercise
Testing
Myocardial Infarction
MI
URINARY SYSTEM
• Filters waste material from the blood and
eliminates it from the body
• Kidneys
 Nephron
 Glomerulus
 Renal Pelvis
• Ureters
• Urinary Bladder
• Urethra
• Urine
Urinary System
Terms
• Dialysis
• Diuresis
• Micturition
• Urinalysis
Urinary System
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
REN/O, NEPHR/O
PYEL/O
URETER/O
CYST/O, VESIC/O
TRIGON/O
URETHR/O
MEAT/O
Kidney
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Bladder
Trigone
Urethra
Meatus
Urinary System Combining Forms
& Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
UR/O
-URIA
DIPS/O
GLYC/O
GLUC/O
Urination
Dysuria
Thirst
Sugar
Polydipsia
Glycosuria
Urinary System Combining Forms
& Suffixes
•
•
•
•
NOCT/O
OLIG/O
BACTERI/O
LITH/O
Night
Scanty
Bacteria
Stone
Nocturia
Oliguria
Bacteriuria
Ureterolithiasis
Kidney
REN/O
NEPHR/O
Bladder, Sac
CYST/O
VESIC/O
Ureter
URETER/O
Renal Pelvis
PYEL/O
Urethra
URETHR/O
Meatus
MEAT/O
Stone
LITH/O
Urination
UR/O
Sugar
GLYC/O
GLUC/O
Intravenous Pyleogram
Procedure
Tracing of the renal pelvis
Meatal Stenosis
Diagnosis
Tightening of the Meatus
Urethroplasty
Procedure
Surgical repair of the urethra
Nephrolithotomy
Procedure
Cut into the kidney for stone
removal
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Produces cells and hormones
• Fertilization of sex cells
• Development and birth of offspring
Female Reproductive
System
Internal Organs
• Ovaries
 Ovum
 Graafian Follicles
• Fallopian tubes or uterine tubes
• Uterus
 Endometrium
 Cervix
• Vagina
 Hymen
• Rectouterine Pouch
Female Reproductive System
Glands
• Bartholin’s Glands
• Mammary Glands
Female Reproductive System
External Structures
• Vulva (external genitals)
• Perineum
Female Reproduction
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
OOPHOR/O; OVARI/O
SALPING/O
HYSTER/O; UTER/O
METRI/O; METR/O
CERVIC/O
COLP/O; VAGIN/O
EPISI/O; VULV/O
MAMM/O; MAST/O
Ovary
Fallopian Tube
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Breast
Female Reproduction
Combining Forms
Prefixes & Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
MEN/O
Menstruation Menorrhagia
CULD/O
Cul-de-sac
Culdocentesis
LACT/O
Milk
Lactation
-ARCHE
Beginning
Menarche
MULTI-
Many
Multiparous
Female Reproduction Combining
Forms, Prefixes & Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NULLI-
None
Nulliparous
PRIMI-
First
Primigravida
-RRHEA
Flow, Discharge
Menorrhea
-TOCIA
Labor, Birth
Dystocia
-SALPINX
Fallopian Tube
O/O; OV/O
Egg
OVUL/O
Ovulation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mamm/o
Mast/o
Vagin/o
Hyster/o
Oophor/o
Episi/o
Salping/o
Colp/o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Breast
Breast
Vagina
Uterus
Ovary
Vulva
Fallopian Tubes
Vagina
Male Reproductive System
• Produces sperm
• Secretes the hormone testosterone
Male Reproductive System
Seven Organs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Testis or Testicle
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Scrotum
Penis
Semen
Male Reproductive System
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SCROT/O
ORCHI/O; TEST/O
VESICUL/O
VAS/O
URETHR/O
PROSTAT/O
BALAN/O
Scrotum
Testicle, Testes
Seminal Vesicles
Vas Deferens
Urethra
Prostate
Penis
STD’s - Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
• 3 types - not all inclusive
 Bacterial
– Chlamydia
– Gonorrhea
– Syphilis
 Viral
– Genital Herpes
– AIDS
 Other
– Trichomoniasis
Prostate
PROSTAT/O
Testicle
ORCHI/O
TEST/O
Penis
BALAN/O
Seminal Vesicles
VESICUL/O
Vas Deferens
VAS/O
Urethra
URETHR/O
Prostatectomy
Procedure
Surgical removal of the
prostate
Amenorrhea
Diagnosis
Without menstrual flow
Endometritis
Diagnosis
Inflammation of the uterus
Oophorectomy
Procedure
Surgical removal of an ovary
Vasectomy
Procedure
Surgical removal of the vas
deferens
NERVOUS SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
Communication
Integration
Control of body functions
Recognition of sensory stimuli
Central Nervous System
Organs
•
Brain
– Cerebrum or Forebrain
• Ventricles
– Midbrain and Interbrain
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
– Hindbrain
• Cerebellum
– Brain Stem
– Pons
– Medulla Oblongata
•
•
Spinal Cord
Meninges
Peripheral Nervous
System Organs
• Nerve
– Cranial Nerves
– Spinal Nerves
• Ganglion
Central Nervous
System
Combining Forms
• CEREBR/O
• ENCEPHAL/O
• MYEL/O
Brain
Spinal Cord
Bone Marrow
Peripheral Nervous
System
Combining Form
• NEUR/O
Nerve
SPECIALIZED SENSE
ORGANS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
OCUL/O
Eye
OPT/O
OPHTHALM/O
OPTIC/O
AUR/O
OT/O
AURICUL/O
Ear
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diagnosis
Disease of the retina due to
diabetes.
Neuroencephalomyelopathy
Diagnosis
Disease of the nerves, brain
and spinal cord
Blepharitis
Diagnosis
Inflammation of the eyelid
Blepharoconjunctivitis
Diagnosis
Inflammation of the eyelid and
lining of the eye
#5
Tympanoplasty and
Myringoplasty are BOTH
surgical repairs of the ear
drum
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
Protection
Formation
Regulation
Collection
Integumentary System
• Skin
 Epidermis
– Keratin
– Melanin
 Corium or Dermis
– Sweat Glands
– Sebaceous Glands
 Subcutaneous
– Thick tissue
Integrementary
eference: CPT Coding Made Easy, A Technical Guide, Kotoski, Gabrielle, Asp
Publishers, Gaithersburg, MD,1999.
Integumentary System
• Accessory structures of the skin
 Hair
 Nails
Integumentary System
Combining Forms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DERM/O
DERMAT/O
CUTANE/O
TRICH/O
PIL/O
ONYCH/O
UNGU/O
SEB/O
HIDR/O
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sebum or Oil
Sweat or Sweat Glands
Integumentary System
•
•
•
•
•
MELAN/O
Black
Melanoma
ERYTHEM/O
Redness
Erythematous
LIP/O
Fat
Lipoma
CAUS/O
Burning
Causalgia
ERYTHEMAT/O
HIDR/O
Sweat
DERM/O
Skin
ONYCH/O
Nail
TRICH/O
Hair
DERMAT/O
Skin
SEB/O
Oil/Sebum
UNGU/O
Nail
CUTANE/O
Skin
Inflammation of the skin
DERMATITIS
Pain in the skin
DERMATALGIA
DERMATODYNIA
One who specializes in studying
skin disease
DERMATOLOGIST
Pertaining to skin repair or
skin grafting
DERMATOPLASTY
The branch of medicine
concerned with the study of the
skin
DERMATOLOGY
Abnormality of the skin
DERMATITIS
THANK YOU!!!
Questions may be directed to:
Penny Osmon, BA, CPC
(608) 442-3781
[email protected]