Transcript Human Body Systems

Chapter 3 – Human Body
Systems
Tina Miklius
Lesson 1 – What is the circulatory System?
• The circulatory system moves
material around the body
–Parts: Blood, heart, blood vessels
It brings food and oxygen to body
cells and removes cells’ wastes.
Functions of Blood
Plasma
• Carries food, water, and chemicals to cells and
wastes away from cells
Platelets
• Parts of cells, used to form blood clots (scabs)
RBCs
WBCs
• Carry oxygen to the body
• Protect body from germs and foreign matter
Platelets
Pieces of cells that float in the
blood. They stop bleeding if a
blood vessel is cut. They clump
together and stick to edges of a
cut. They form long sticky
threads and “jam” up a cut.
Plasma
Carries food and water to cells
and carries wastes away.
Carries chemicals around
body. The “fluid” part of
blood
RBCs
Carry oxygen to body cells. Bright red
while they carry oxygen, then dark red
without oxygen
Protect body against germs and harmful things. Wrap
around and break down germs, waste matter, dead
cells, cels with germs, make chemicals to kill germs
Body makes more white cells if needs to fight
infection
WBCs
BLOOD CLOTS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bZUeb83uU&feature=related
Valves with DR.OZ
• Wow! You can understand Big Ideas here!
• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/sharecare/3
1112-dr-oz-aortic-valve-disease-video.htm
Blood Vessels
• http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/circ.htm
• http://vimeo.com/12746026
3 main types:
• 1. Arteries
– Carry blood AWAY from <3
• 2. Veins
– Carry blood TOWARD <3
• 3. Capillaries
– Connect arteries to veins
– Allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and other
materials b/w blood and cells
ARTERIES
• Carry blood away from the heart– Thickest walls
– Carry oxygen-rich blood to the body
VEINS
Carry blood that needs
oxygen back to the heart.
- Thinner walls than
arteries
CAPILLARIES
VALVES
• A Faucet is a type of valve. What does a valve
do???
VALVES
• They are flaps that act like doors to keep
blood flowing in one direction.
• They open to allow blood to flow to the heart
and close if blood begins to flow away from
the heart.
• They are found in VEINS ONLY!!!!!!!!
DO NOW
• Lay your hand (palm side up) on their desk
and count how many times you can open and
close your hand for one minute.
• What is your hand doing??
• What part of the body might your hand
represent???
DO NOW:
• What are the 4 parts of blood and briefly say
what each does
• What are 3 three types of blood vessels
THE HEART!
• Procedure
• Help the students locate their pulse points either on their wrists or
necks. Ask students to place their right index and middle finger on
the palm side of their left wrist. On the neck, the pulse point is
located beneath the ear and jawbone. How do I find my pulse?
• Count the number of beats in 15 seconds. Multiply this by four
(15x4=60, there are 60 seconds in one minute). This is how many
times the heart beats in one minute. Have students enter this "at
rest" heart rate on their chart. (Student pulse rate at rest will vary
between 60 - 110 beats per minute. Adult rates are lower.)
• Do some exercise such as running in place, jumping jacks, or other
exercise for one minute. Stop and calculate pulse again over 15
seconds. Calculate the heart rate for each activity and show this on
the graph.
Parts of the Heart
• Heart is a double pump.
• Right side:
– Collects blood that already went to the body and
sends it to the lungs
• Left side:
– Collects blood that came from the lungs and is
rich in OXYGEN and sends it to the arteries to go
to the body
Listen to the Heart!
• http://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson4.h
tm
The HEART – Cool websites
• http://www.smm.org/studio3d/julie/heartho
me.htm
DO NOW
• Put your hands on your sides just slightly higher
than your waist.
• Take a few deep breaths
• What physical changes do you feel during each
breath?
• What organs allow you to take deep breaths?
The Respiratory System
The primary
function of the
respiratory system
is to supply the
blood with oxygen
in order for the
blood to deliver
oxygen to all parts
of the body.
How does it do
this???
By BREATHING!!!!!!!!!!
STEP ONE!
• Where is the oxygen that our body needs?
How is our body going to get it?
It’s outside, all around us. We obtain it by
breathing through our mouths and noses. We
pull the air into us!
Mouth and Nose
How would you
describe mucus? What
Does it do? Is it important?
Mucus = a sticky, thick fluid
that traps dust, germs, and
other things that might be in
the air
What happens when we breathe?
When we breathe, we
inhale oxygen and
exhale carbon dioxide.
This exchange of gases
is the respiratory
system's means
getting oxygen to the
blood.
What do sinuses do?
They
warm
and
moisten
the air
OKAY…. So .
• We’ve now got the oxygen from the air
around us into our body. Our sinuses
warm it up and moisten it, and our mucus
is there to make sure that no invaders get
into our body! The air is going to go past
your voice box (larynx). But what is the
goal? Where are we trying to get the air to
and how is it going to get there??
Well…. It’s gonna get to your lungs
through a tube.
Trachea = tube
that carries air
from the larynx
to your lungs.
This tube has to
break into two
paths (one for
each lung). The
two new tubes
are called
bronchi.
Bronchioles = bronchi break into smaller and smaller tubes
RECAP:
• Okay, we got the oxygen THROUGH the nose
and mouth, the sinuses, past the larynx, down
the trachea, split to the bronchi, split further
into bronchioles…
• Where’s the final destination we want to get
the oxygen?
Brachioles end in Air
sacs. Air sacs are
where oxygen enters
the blood and carbon
dioxide leaves the
blood.
• I told you that you breathe in air through your
mouth and nose. It’s true that the air comes
in through there, but the reason it does is
because of something else!
DIAPHRAGM
Parts of The Respiratory system
Mouth, nose, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
air sacs, mucus,
The cells lining the air tubes are covered in tiny hairs called
cilia. The cilia move back and forth to sweep the mucus
upwards towards the throat. This helps to remove the dust
and micro-organisms. The mucus is usually swallowed.
Breathing is so vital to life that it
happens automatically. Each
day, you breathe about 20,000
times, and by the time you're 70
years old, you'll have taken at
least 600 million breaths.
http://www.smm.org/heart/lungs/breathing.htm
http://lung.ca/children/grades4_6/respiratory/index
.html
Read pages 72-73. see diagrams
Respiratory and Circulatory System
working together
• The bronchioles branch into smaller and
smaller tube that end with a cluster of air sas.
Air sacs are surrounded by capillaries. From
the air sacs, oxygen passes into the blood of
capillaries and carbon dioxide goes from the
blood into the air sacs.
Respiratory Disease
• Cold – ( virus)
– – runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing
• Influenza – (virus)
– – cough, sore throat, stuff nose
• Pneumonia – (bacteria or virus)
– – cough, chest pain, shortness of breath
• Tuberculosis – (bacteria)
– – cough, fever, wheezing
• Lung Cancer – (tobacco, chemicals)
– – lung cells grow incorrectly and quickly
Digestive System
• Function = organs break down food so that
nutrients can enter the blood and reach the
body’s cells
How food can go from a sandwich and salad
and be turned into the energy needed to hit
a home run is amazing. The food will pass
through more than 22 feet of tubing, be
mixed with chemicals from four different
glands, be separated between useful and not
useful elements and the whole process could
take more than 14 hours!
Digestion has 2 Missions:
1. Break down the food we eat into parts SO
TINY, that the useful elements of food can
actually be absorbed into our bloodstream and
sent throughout our body.
2. Get rid of any leftover parts of the food that
our body can't use.
Step 1 – THE TEETH
• Digestion starts here. Teeth start tearing and
crushing the food down into small enough
pieces so that it can fit down our throats.
Step 2 – The Saliva
The salivary gland in located underneath the back
of our tongue. It creates our saliva or spit. This
helps soften the food in the mouth so that it is
easier to swallow. Saliva is also the first chemical
to start breaking down foods into simpler forms.
Lots of times, saliva starts working before you start eating. When seeing
tasty food makes your mouth water, your digestive system is preparing to
do its job!!!
Step 3 – The TONGUE :-P
The tongue is a muscle
that works with the
food and saliva to
form a "ball" that can
be swallowed. Of
course, the tongue
also contains taste
buds that helps us tell
the difference
between salty, sour,
sweet, and bitter
foods.
The mushed up ball is
called a “bolus”
Step 4 – The Esophagus
The esophagus is simply
a transportation tube
from the mouth to the
stomach. When we
swallow, what we are
really doing is closing a
trap door in our throat
called the epiglottis. This
sends food down the
esophagus and prevents
food from going down
the trachea (or
windpipe) and into our
lungs. Food moves down
the esophagus using
muscles not gravity.
The
Esophagus!
Step 5 – the S t o m a c h
The first stop after the esophagus is the stomach. Once the food gets to the
stomach the stomach uses chemicals to try to make the food tinier. These
chemicals include hydrochloric acid and enzymes (chemicals that break
down food).
The food is moved around in the stomach and mixed with the chemicals for
about 3 or 4 hours.
When it is done in the stomach, the food is now a cream-like liquid call
chyme.
The food is still not small enough the get into our blood stream and it has
not provided the body with anything useful yet.
Now a valve at the end of the stomach opens sending the food on.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URHBBE3RKEs
Stomach cont’d
• Rings of muscle squeeze the top and bottom
of the stomach to keep food inside.
• The walls of your stomach can expand when
you eat a lot
The “Sphincters”
are the muscles.
The fundus are the
folds in your
stomach
Heartburn??!?!?
DIGESTION VIDEOS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UR2r1sHjL
X0
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7jKCfx0Mo&NR=1
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ea7LtEZ
OYk&feature=related
– Kids version
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08VyJOEc
Dos
– Good for epiglottis
Liver and Pancreas
• Make important chemicals for digestion
Step 6 – The Small Intestine
The small intestine is the real
hero of the digestive system. It is a
tube about 22 feet long!
This is where the real digestion
takes place. Food is mixed with new
chemicals and soon our "food" is
digested small enough to be used
by the body.
Along the walls of the intestine
are thousands of tiny
“fingers” called villi. Blood vessels
(capillaries) in the villi can absorb
the tiny food molecules and send
them off to the rest of our body.
Step 7 – The LARGE intestine
“Colon”
Whatever the body can’t put to
use is sent to the large intestine.
(Many plants, for example, have parts which
cannot be digested.)
The big job of the large intestine
is to remove water and salt. Water
was needed up until now, but now
the large intestine sends water
back into the blood stream .
Food spends about 12 hours in
the large intestine later leaves the
body when we go to the bathroom.
Bacteria in the large intestine are helpful to make vitamins and fight off bad bacteria.
THE URINARY SYSTEM
The urinary system 
The cells in your body
produce waste when they
do their job. Then, they
dump that waste into the
blood. That waste would
poison you if you did not get
rid of it.
The urinary system takes on this job!
THE KIDNEYS
They are a pair of bean-shaped
organs
They remove waste from your
blood
They clean the blood and
control the level of salt, water,
calcium, nutrients, and other
chemicals in your blood.
Waste leaves the body along
with some water, in the form of
URINE.
DO NOW
• Page 82-83. Answer the multiple choice
questions.
HOMEWORK:
• Page 84-85 Chapter review