Transcript Structures of the Body

Structures of the Body
Explain This:

Los Angeles, like most large cities, has a
combination of freeways/interstates and
local roads. Why?
Structure of the
Circulatory System

Our circulatory system is
responsible to transport
materials throughout our
body. Just as with any
highway system, larger
blood vessels allow blood to
travel faster and longer
distances than smaller
vessels.
Circulatory Organs
Heart
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries

Circulatory Organs
Organ
Function
Heart
Pumps blood through blood
vessels
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
(most with oxygen)
Veins
Carries blood to the heart (most
without oxygen)
Fun Fact:

Do you remember the last time you were
frightened? How did your heart respond
to the scare?
Fun Fact:

When you are frightened your body
releases chemicals that speed up your
heart rate. This is known as the fight-orflight reaction. As your heart beats
faster, your muscles receive more blood.
As a result, your body has extra strength
to react quickly.
Explain This:
Structure of the
Respiratory System

Unlike fish, our bodies are not designed
for underwater breathing! For this
reason, scuba divers have to wear
special equipment to breath under
water.
Respiratory Organs
Nose
 Mouth
 Pharynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lung
 Alveoli

Respiratory Organs

When we breathe in, oxygen travels
through a series of tubes till it reaches
the alveoli sacs in the lungs. There
oxygen is exchanged with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The carbon
dioxide travels in reverse till it exits the
body through the nose or mouth.
Fun Fact:

The air we breathe in is filled with
pollution, microorganisms, and other
things that can make us sick. How does
the body protect itself?
Fun Fact:

Our body is designed to filter the air we
breathe. The hair in our nostrils collect
dust and other large particles that we
breathe in. Smaller particles and
microorganisms are trapped by the
sticky mucus that follows.
Picture This:

Write a paragraph describing what
comes to mind when you see this
picture.
Structure of the Skeletal System

Just as a building has a frame and an
inner structure to keep it standing, the
human body is composed of more than
200 bones of the skeletal system.
Bones
Cranium
 Sternum
 Ribs
 Vertebrae
 Pelvis
 Femur

Bones
Bone(s)
AKA
Location
Function
Cranium
Skull
Head and face
Protects brain
Vertebrae
Spinal Column
or Backbone
Top of neck to
pelvis
Provides vertical
support and
protects spinal
cord
Attached to
vertebrae
Protects heart and
lungs
Attached to ribs
Protects heart and
lungs
Hip
Attachment point
for leg bones
Legs
Manufactures red
blood cells and
allows for
movement
Ribs
Sternum
Breastbone
Pelvis
Femur
Thighbone
Fun Fact:

A criminal
investigator can
determine by
observing the
skeletal remains if a
victim was male or
female!
Fun Fact:

What is the
difference between
these two skeletons?
Fun Fact:

Females have a
wider pelvis with a
larger opening than
males.

Which of these is a
female? Which is a
male?
Fun Fact:

Male

Female
Fun Fact:

Do you know what the largest bone is in
the body? It has the largest influence on
your height.
Fun Fact:

The femur is the largest
bone in the body!
Whereas the stapes bone
is the smallest.
Femur
Stapes
Joints

Joints are located everywhere a bone
meets another bone.
Ligaments and Cartilage

Ligaments- tough tissue that stretches
across joints holding the bones together.

Cartilage- tissue found on the end of
bones to provide cushion and limit
friction.
Explain This:

What is the difference between these
two cars?
Structure of the Muscular System

The engine of a car is what allows the
car to move. Similarly, muscles allow us
to move, usually by pushing or pulling
against bones. It also provides
protection to internal organs and allows
for the movement of substances within
the body. There are over 600 muscles in
the human body.
Muscles
Voluntary- muscles you are able to
control
 Involuntary- muscles automatically
controlled by the brain

Muscles
Cardiac Muscles
Smooth Muscles
Skeletal Muscles
The heart
Muscles found inside
digestive organs
Involuntary
Muscles attached to
bones
Voluntary
Involuntary
Skeletal Muscles
Biceps
 Triceps
 Deltoid
 Pectoralis
 Abdominal
 Gluteus maximus

Fun Fact:

Can you override the brain’s control of a
muscle?
Fun Fact:

Some muscles are both voluntary and
involuntary. The brain usually controls
these muscles, but you can override the
brain's control.
Picture This:

Write a short story based on this series
of pictures.
Structure of the Digestive System

The human body, as with a car, needs
fuel to function. When you eat food
travels through a series of organs to
break food down into usable energy.
Digestive Tract
Mouth
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small Intestine
 Large Intestine

Digestive Tract
Organ
Function
Mouth
-Teeth grind food into
smaller pieces
-Saliva turns starches
into sugars
Esophagus
-Connects mouth to
stomach
-Peristalsis (muscle
contractions) moves
food down the tube
Stomach
Muscle contractions
churn food with gastric
juices (acid and
enzymes) into smaller
pieces, forming a
souplike mixture.
Digestive Tract
Organ
Function
Small Intestine
-Intestinal juice,
pancreatic juice, and
bile break food down
into molecules
-Villi (small fingerlike
projections) cover the
intestinal wall and
absorbs nutrients
Large Intestine
-Absorbs water and
minerals
-Stores feces (solid
waste from undigested
food) until expelled
Fun Fact:

How long does the digestion process
take from beginning to end?
Fun Fact:
After eating a balanced meal, which
contains plenty of fiber, it takes 24 hours
for digestion to occur.
 After eating a meal lacking fiber, it can
take up to 96 hours for digestion to
occur.

Discuss This:

Class Discussion:
Imagine a world that did not have a
waste management system. What would
that world look like?
Excretory Organs
Skin
 Lungs
 Kidneys
 Large Intestine
 Bladder

Excretory Organs
Organ
Function
Skin
Expels salt, water, and other wastes when you
sweat
Lungs
Expels carbon dioxide and water when you
breathe out
Kidney
Filters excess salt, water, and urea (liquid wastes)
from the blood and stores in bladder
Large Intestine
Removes solid wastes (feces) from the body
Bladder
Stores urine (filtered wastes from kidneys) until
expelled through urination
Fun Fact:

The kidneys are essential for our bodies
to maintain clean blood. What would
happen if one of our kidneys failed?
Fun Fact:

The human body can survive with one
functioning kidney! The surviving kidney
would enlarge as it would need to work
twice as hard to filter all the body’s
blood.
Discuss This:

How is the human body similar to a
machine?
Other Systems of the Body

Integumentary System:
Skin and Nails
Hair
Sweat Glands
Oil Glands
Other Systems of the Body

Immune System:
Skin
White Blood Cells
Other Systems of the Body

Nervous System:
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Nerve
Other Systems of the Body

Endocrine System:
Fun Fact:

Can organs belong to more than one
system?
Fun Fact:

Each organ may have several different
functions. For this reason, it is common
to see an organ listed as a part of
several different organ systems!