Transcript Animal Organization (cont`d)

Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
• Cell Number: Multicellular with extensive specialization
• Cell Type: Eukaryotic Animal Cells (no cell wall)
• Food: Heterotrophic – Carnivore (meat), Herbivore
(plants), Omnivore (meat and plants), or Detritivore
(scavenger)
• Reproduction: Sexual (Eggs or live birth)
• Special Features: Advanced nervous systems means
cephalization (faces), brains, and efficient mobility
(walk/run/swim/grab)
Animal Organization
• Cell Specialization
• Cells are adapted for one job (digestion,
transport, etc.)
• Cell Differentiation
• Cells look different from one another (muscle
vs. skin cell)
• Body Organization
• Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems 
Organism
• Heart cell + other heart cells  Heart tissue +
other heart tissue  Heart + veins/arteries 
Cardiovascular system + other systems 
Human
Animal Organization (cont’d)
• Asymmetry
• no set structure to the organism (draw one)
• Radial symmetry
• Cut in half anywhere (like a pie) and both halves
look the same (draw one)
• Bilateral
• Cut in half at one place and both halves look the
same (draw one)
Animal Organization (cont’d)
• Anatomy Terms
• Dorsal - Back
• Ventral - Belly
• Anterior - Head
• Posterior – Tail
Animal Classification
• Vertebrates
• Animals with a notochord (backbone)
• Only one phylum- Chordata
• Invertebrates
• Animals with no notochord (backbone)
• Lots of phyla - Most animals are invertebrates
Animal Reproduction
• Sexual with sperm (male) and eggs (female). Sperm
+ Egg = Zygote  Embryo  Fetus
• The more advanced the animals, the more
complicated sexual reproduction
Animal Evolution – first to last
• Invertebrates
• Simplest Animals – Porifera (Sponges)
• Asymmetrical; aquatic; filter feeders; sessile (do not move as
adults); hermaphroditic (both male and female)
• Nerves Evolve – Cnidaria (Jellyfish and Anemones)
• Radial symmetry; aquatic; some sessile, some motile; specialized
tissues for feeding and movement
• Organ systems evolve – Nematoda, Annelida,
Platyhelminthes (Worms)
• Bilateral symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial (land); motile; digestive
and simple nervous systems
• Cephalization (faces), Skeletons, and nervous systems
evolve - Echinodermata (Starfish and Urchins), Mollusca
(Clams, Octopus, Squid), and Arthropoda (Insects, Crabs,
and Lobsters)
• Bilateral or radial symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial; motile; digestive,
circulatory, and sometimes complex nervous systems; insects are
most common animals
Animal Evolution- first to last (cont’d)
• Vertebrates
• Backbones and complex brain systems evolve –
Chordata (Vertebrates)
• Separated into five major classes – Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia,
Aves (birds), and Mammalia
• Backbone allows for most complex brains; bilateral symmetry;
specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, antennae, etc); highly
organized bodies
• Mammals are considered “dominant”; especially humans
Porifera
Cnidaria
Worms (Nematoda,
Platyhelminthes, and Annelida)
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Chordata - Fish
Chordata - Amphibia
Chordata - Reptilia
Chordata - Aves
Chordata - Mammalia
Special Animal Characteristics
• Animal Homeostasis
• Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with
environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot)
• Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal
temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or
pant when hot)
• Cnidarian
• Body Plan
• Polyp- attached (draw)
• Medusa- Free floating (draw)
• Special Cell
• Nematocyst – stinging cell
• Chordata – Fishes
• Bony or cartilaginous (sharks)
• Chordata – Mammals
• Live birth and mammary glands
• Marsupials – mammals with pouches
• Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs
Special Animal Characteristics
• Animal Homeostasis
• Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with
environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot)
• Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal
temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or
pant when hot)
• Cnidarian
• Body Plan
• Polyp- attached (draw)
• Medusa- Free floating (draw)
• Special Cell
• Nematocyst – stinging cell
• Chordata – Fishes
• Bony or cartilaginous (sharks)
• Chordata – Mammals
• Live birth and mammary glands
• Marsupials – mammals with pouches
• Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs
Special Animal Characteristics
• Animal Homeostasis
• Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with
environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot)
• Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal
temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat
or pant when hot)
• Cnidarian
• Body Plan
• Polyp- attached (draw)
• Medusa- Free floating (draw)
• Special Cell
• Nematocyst – stinging cell
Special Animal Characteristics (cont’d)
• Chordata – Fishes
• Bony or cartilaginous (sharks)
• Chordata – Mammals
• Live birth and mammary glands
• Marsupials – mammals with pouches
• Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs