Transcript The Human Body workforce planning

The Human Body
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Did you Know??!!
• When you sneeze all body functions stop, even your
heart
• Your brain is 80% water
• A human has 60,000 miles of blood vessels in their body
• The lining of your digestive system is shed every 3 days
• More than half the bones in your body are found in your
hands and feet
• Everyone is color blind at birth
• 1.7 litres of saliva are produced each day
• About 8 million blood cells die in the human body every
second, and the same number are born each second
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Body Systems:
1. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
2. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
3. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
4. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
5. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
6. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
7. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
8. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
9. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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TRIVIA!
• When we eat, a flap called the
________ -- flops down to cover the
windpipe so that food doesn't go
down the wrong tube.
epiglottis
• ANSWER- ___________
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The Digestive System
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Digestive System
Function: to convert food into pieces that can be
absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the
body
Major Organs and their Functions:
• Mouth
– Teeth - chew and grind up food
– Saliva - begins the chemical breakdown of
carbohydrates
• Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach
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• Stomach – secretes hydrochloric acid that
breaks down protein
• Liver – produces bile which breaks down fat
• Pancreas – produces enzymes that break down
carbohydrates that flow into the small intestine
• Small Intestine – digested food is absorbed into
the bloodstream
• Large Intestine – removes water from the food
and gets the waste ready for excretion
It takes about 20-30 hours to
digest food completely
Excretory System
• Function: to rid the body of wastes, including excess
water, salt, solids, and CO2
• Major Organs and Their Functions
• Kidneys – the main organs of the excretory system
• blood with waste enters the kidney and the kidney filters out
urea, excess water and other waste products, which eventually
travel out of the kidney as urine
• eventually they travel through the ureter to the urinary
bladder
• Urine leaves the body through the urethra
Excretory System Cont.
• Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the
body through the rectum
• Skin – sweat glands remove excess water and
salts from the body
• Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide
THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
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TRIVIA!
1. How many muscles are there in
the human body?
•
Answer: 650 Muscles
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The Muscular System
Function: works with the skeletal and nervous
system to produce movement, also helps to circulate
blood through the human body
•muscle cells are fibrous
•muscle contractions can be voluntary or involuntary
(consider your arm vs. your heart which beats 60 to 80
beats every minute without you having to think about it!)
Three Types of Muscle:
•Skeletal
•Smooth (found inside organs)
•Cardiac (heart)
Muscular System cont.
•
•
Muscles band together to form muscle
groups which work together
When the muscles contract, they pull on
the tendons which pull on the bones and
cause our limbs to move
Muscle Fiber Types
TYPE I
Slow Twitch
Contract more slowly than
fast twitch fibers and can
go for a long time before
they fatigue. Therefore,
slow twitch fibers are
great at helping athletes
run marathons and bicycle
for hours.
TYPE II
Fast Twitch
Generate short bursts of
strength or speed better than
slow muscles. However,
they fatigue more quickly.
More TRIVIA!
• The longest muscle in the body is ___________
• Answer- The Sartorius
• The Sartorius runs from the outside of the hip, down and
across to the inside of the knee. It twists and pulls the
thigh outwards.
• The smallest muscle in the body is __________
• Answer- The Stapedius
• The Stapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm
long and thinner than cotton thread. It is involved in
hearing.
• The biggest muscle in the body is __________
• Answer- The Gluteus Maximus
• The Gluteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls the
leg backwards powerfully for walking and running.
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There are about 60 muscles in the face.
Smiling is easier than frowning.
It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.
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The Skeletal System
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TRIVIA!
• How many bones are there in the human
body?
• Answer: 206 Bones
• When you were born, your skeleton had
around 350 bones. By the time you become
an adult, you will only have 206 bones. This
is because, as you grow, some of the bones
join together to form one bone.
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Inside a Bone-
• Our bones are alive- they have their own nerves
and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such
as storing body minerals.
• A typical bone has an outer layer of hard or
compact bone, which is very strong, dense and
tough.
• Inside this is a layer of spongy bone, which is like
honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible.
• In the middle of some bones is jelly-called bone
marrow, where new cells are constantly being
produced for the blood.
The Skeleton-
• The Skeleton is the name given to the
collection of bones that holds the rest of
our body up. Our skeleton is very
important to us. It does three major jobs:
1. It protects our vital organs such as the brain, the
heart and the lungs.
2. It gives us the shape that we have. Without our
skeleton, we would just be a blob of blood and
tissue on the floor.
3. It allows us to move. Because our muscles are
attached to our bones, when our muscles move,
they move the bones, and we move.
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Healthy Bones
• Most of the calcium in your
body is stored in your bones
• Exercise and a good diet help
to keep bones strong
• Vitamin D helps you absorb
calcium so that your bones
can stay strong
• Sources of vitamin D include
milk, salmon, cereal, beef and
egg
• When bones break they can
heal themselves, and they are
stronger when they heal than
they were before they were
•
broken!
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Connective Tissue
Tendon: Muscle to Bone
Ligament: Bone to Bone
The Circulatory System
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Blood Vessels
• ARTERIES are vessels that carry blood
AWAY FROM
____________
the heart.
• VEINS are vessels that carry blood
_________
TOWARDS the heart.
• CAPILLARIES are small vessels where gas
exchange occurs
The Heart
• Deoxygenated blood
comes into the right
side of the heart
• The blood gets
pumped to the lungs
for oxygen
• Oxygenated blood
comes back into the
left side of the
heart and is then
shipped to the body
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Blood
• Red Blood Cells - contain hemoglobin, an
iron-rich protein that carries oxygen
• White Blood Cells - function in the
immune system
• Platelets - help in blood clotting
• Plasma - liquid part of the blood
Did You Know??!!
Blood is a liquid organ
 The heart beats around 3 billion times in the
average person's life
• Your blood pressure is the measure of the force of blood as
it flows through the arteries of the cardiovascular system
• Within a tiny droplet of blood, there are some 5
million red blood cells, 300 000 platelets and
10, 000 white cells.
• It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the
whole body.
The Respiratory System
Function: to provide the body with a fresh
supply of oxygen for respiration and remove
the waste product carbon dioxide
Major Organs and Their Functions
Nose/Mouth – internal entry and exit point
for air
Trachea – the “windpipe”, or what connects
your mouth/nose to your lungs
The Lungs• Bronchi – the two large passageways that lead
from the trachea to your lungs (one for each lung)
• Bronchi are further subdivided into bronchioles
• Eventually, the further subdivisions lead to tiny
air sacs called alveoli
• The alveoli contain many tiny capillaries. This is
where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
occurs.
*The branching out
of the aleoli
creates more
surface area which
in turn allows for
more oxygen to be
absorbed.
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Nervous System
Function: to coordinate the body’s response to
changes in its internal and external environment
Major Organs and Their Functions
• Brain – control center of the body, where all
processes are relayed through
• Spinal Cord – sends instructions from the brain to
the rest of the body and vice versa
• Nerves – conduct impulses to muscle cells
throughout the body
Brain
• Cerebrum – Center for thought, imagination, and emotions.
– 2 hemispheres
– Each hemisphere has 4 lobes that control different activities
Vision
Hearing
Touch
Taste
• Cerebellum – Controls balance and posture
• Brain Stem – Guides signals from spinal cord
– Pons
– Midbrain
– Medulla Oblongata – Autonomic functions (heart beat, breathing,
digestion, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, and coughing)
Immune System
Purpose: Defends body against disease. It works by
recognizing, attacking, and destroying foreign
invaders
Major Organs:
Lymph – Clear/yellowish fluid that is made up of
water, nutrients, and white blood cells.
Lymph Nodes – holds lymphocytes (white blood
cells).
Spleen – Filters blood to get rid of particles that
should not be there.
Endocrine System
Purpose: to control growth, development, metabolism and
reproduction through the production and secretion of
hormones
Major Organs/Components:
Endocrine glands – organs that release hormones
Pituitary – Growth, directs all other glands
Thyroid – Metabolism, body temp., and bone growth
Adrenal – “fight or flight”
Pineal – Controls internal clock and sleep rhythm
Gonads – Sex characteristics, egg and sperm formation,
control reproductive cycles
Pancreas – regulates blood-sugar