Transcript TOPIC: Respiratory System AIM: What are the parts & functions of

Topic: Respiratory System
Aim: Describe the parts & functions of the
Respiratory System.
Do Now: Why do we breathe?
HW:
Did you know…
• Every minute you breathe in 13 pints of air.
• The blast of air being released during a cough
comes out speeds greater than 100 miles per
hour.
• During sneezing, secretions of the nose are
being expelled as droplets (more than 6,000)
up to 10 feet at very high speeds (up to 40
miles per hour).
• People tend to get more colds in the winter
because we're indoors more often and close to
other people. When people sneeze, cough and
even breathe, germs go flying!
Function
• GAS EXCHANGE
of O2 & CO2 bw
organism &
environment
Path of Air
1. Nose
• Nasal cavity
• Warms, moistens, filters air
• ciliated mucus membrane
Usually a sneeze is started by tickling or
irritation of the nerve endings of the membranes
lining the inside of your nose. The sneezing reflex
is useful in blowing out of your nose any dust
particles causing irritation. It is an involuntary,
sudden, violent, audible expulsion of air through
the nose and mouth.
2. Pharynx
• Throat
• Cavity in back of mouth
3. Epiglottis
• Covers trachea when
swallowing to prevent choking
4. Larynx
• Voice box
• Contains vocal cords
(produce sound)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_ZGqn1tZn8
5. Trachea
• Windpipe
• Made of rings of cartilage
(hold it open)
• Lined with
cilia &
mucous
6. Bronchi
• Two main branches enter
lungs
• Lined with cartilage & cilia
7. Bronchioles
• Very small tubes
• End at alveoli
Coughing is an important part of the body’s defense system. It
forcefully propels unwanted invaders up and out of the body.
Coughing is a reflex action started by stimulation of nerves in
the lining of the respiratory tubes we use to breathe.
The blast of air being released comes out scrubbing and
clearing the airway of dust, dirt or excessive secretions.
Maindex
8. Alveoli
• Air sacs
• Where gas
exchange
occurs
• Surrounded by capillaries
Gas exchange
a. Alveoli fill up O2
b. O2 DIFFUSES into capillaries
c. CO2 & H2O vapor DIFFUSES
out of capillaries into alveoli
• Sheet of
muscle
under lungs
• Aids in
breathing
A
D
B
C
E
F
G
H
I
Breathing • Inhalation  air
travels INTO lungs
• Exhalation  air
pushed OUT OF lungs
• Involves the
diaphragm & rib cage
muscles
Inhalation
• Diaphragm moves DOWN
(contracts)
• Rib cage expands
• Less pressure
• Air rushes in
Exhalation
• Diaphragm moves UP
(relaxes)
• Rib cage relaxes
• More pressure
• Air forced out
What
controls
breathing
rate?
• Brain  MEDULLA
–Detects the level of CO2 in
the blood
Let’s summarize:
1. Explain the function of the respiratory system.
2. List the structures air passes through when you
inhale.
3. Explain the function of the ciliated mucus
membrane.
4. Identify the structure that produces sound.
5. Why are the trachea and bronchi lined with
cartilage?
6. Where does gas exchange occur?
7. Describe the process of gas exchange.
8. Describe how the diaphragm helps you breathe.
9. Which gas regulates breathing rate?
A
C
B
Review: Put the following structures in order
to show the path of air when inhaling.
Larynx
Bronchi
Trachea
Alveoli
Nasal cavity
Bronchioles
Pharynx
In sensitive people, asthma
symptoms can be
triggered by breathing
allergens. Common
allergen triggers include:
• Animals (pet hair or
dander)
• Dust
• Mold
• Pollen
• Chemicals in the air or in
food
• Tobacco smoke
Other asthma triggers
include:
• Changes in weather (most
often cold weather)
• Exercise
• Respiratory infections,
such as the common cold
• Strong emotions (stress)
•
•
•
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It causes a cough
that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and
chest tightness. There are two main types.
With chronic bronchitis, the inflamed bronchi produce a lot of mucus
which leads to cough and difficulty getting breathing. It is most often
cased by cigarette smoke. Breathing in other fumes and dusts over a long
period of time may also cause chronic bronchitis. This a long-term
condition that keeps coming back or never goes away completely.
Acute bronchitis can be caused by viruses or bacteria. These viruses
spread through the air when people cough, or through physical contact
(for example, on unwashed hands). Most cases of acute bronchitis get
better within several days.