Transcript Water Properties

CRT review III
Organs and Organ Systems
The order of organization
• Name the correct order of organization from
simple to most complex.
• Cell, tissue, organ, system
• Ability to maintain a stable environment is . . . . .
• Homeostasis.
• What part of the body is responisible for
homeostasis?
• Any of the organ systems work to maintain
homeostasis. Also, cell membrane and your
metabolism.
Respiration
• Which system maintains homeostasis by
gas exchange?
• Respiratory system.
• Where does most gas exchange in plants
take place?
• Leaves (photosynthesis)
Respiration
• Gills are the organs fish use to get oxygen from
their environment for cellular respiration. Under
a microscope, fish gills look somewhat like a
feather with its many small, thin extensions. Why
are fish gills feather-like rather than smooth?
• The feather-like structure increases the surface
area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
• In humans, where does the exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide take place?
• lungs
Blood
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Blood is made mostly of?
Water
Why is water the universal solvent?
Because it is polar
Cell is made mostly of?
Water
Why do we care?
Because of water’s solvent properties it can dissolve
many different types of substances in the blood, and
water helps stuff to pass through the cell membrane
• What does the cell membrane look like?
• Polar heads, (like water)
Water and blood
• Blood is a liquid tissue that contains cells
as well as dissolved gases, wastes, and
nutrients floating around in what?
• Plasma
• Plasma is mainly made up of?
• Water.
• Why can glucose and other nutrients
dissolve in plasma?
• Because of waters solvent properties.
Blood
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Blood vessels in humans do what?
Transport water and minerals.
What transports water and minerals in plants?
The Xylem and phloem(p. 629)
How do we know that the xylem and phloem of a
plant are similar to the veins and arteries of a
human?
• We observe and record both organisms under
many similar conditions.
Blood vessels
• How would the total cross-sectional (or
surface) area of capillaries compare to
arteries and veins?
• Capillaries have more surface area per
volume ratio.
Circulatory system
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Draw the three kinds.
How many chambers is a fish heart?
Two
How many chambers is an amphibians
heart?
• 3
• How many chambers is a mammals heart?
• 4
Plants vs. animals
• Xylem – transports
water and minerals
Stoma gas exchange in
leaves
Blood vessels transport
water and minerals
Alveoli – gas
exchange in lungs
Valves vs. sphincters.
• How are valves in the circulatory system
similar to sphincters in the digestive
system?
• Both limit movement of substances
through the system.
Heart
• An artificial pacemaker delivers electric shocks at
regular intervals to make the heart beat. What part of the
heart is simulated to beat?
• Muscle tissue
The heart
• What is cardiac output?
• The amount of blood that the heart pumps
each minute.
• What is the stroke volume?
• The amount of blood pumped each time
the heart contracts.
• Cardiac output = Stroke volume X heart
rate.
Cardiac output.(P 824)
• The cardiac output of a student who eats
right and exercises regularly should be
higher or lower than a lethargic student?
• Higher.
• Does cardiac increase or decrease during
heavy exercise?
• Increases (can increase 5 times)
heart
• What happens to blood pressure when
you exercise?
• It increases
• What happens to heart rate when you
exercise?
• It increases.
Exercise
• What relationship exists between lactic
acid and exercise?
• The concentration of lactic acid increased
after exercise because cells went into
oxygen debt.
Skin
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Oil glands are connected to what?
Hair follicles.
What do oil glands do?
Prevent hair from drying out
keeps the skin soft and pliable
and inhibits the growth of some bacteria
(p. 924)
Skin
• What feature of the skin allows it to protect
the rest of the body?
• It is composed of several layers.
Kidney
• What is the main job of the kidney?
• To remove waste from the blood.
Respiration
What feature of the alveoli makes them able
to do gas exchange?
• They are made of thin walled sacks that
have large surface area/volume.
(like respiration) Fermentation
• When you make bread, you add yeast
and water and some sugar. What
makes the bread rise?
• Yeast causes a gas to be released.
• What is the gas? (hint it is like
respiration)
• Carbon dioxide
Reproduction
• Where does egg production occur?
• In the ovary
Gall bladder
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What is the gall bladder used for?
To store bile.
What does bile do?
Breaks down fat.
Nervous system
• Which system is primarily responsible for
reaction time?
• Nervous system
• What is dominant sense in humans?
• Vision