Transcript Introduction to the Heart and Circulatory System

Introduction to the Heart and
Circulatory System
Have a Heart!
How Big is the Heart?
• A human heart is about 10.5 ounces
• Your heart beats about 100,000 times in one day and
about 35 million times in a year.
• The heart pumps about 1 million barrels of blood
during an average lifetime—that's enough to fill more
than 3 super tankers
• Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze. You're using
about the same amount of force your heart uses to
pump blood out to the body.
Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transports nutrients and waste.
– Arteries pick up nutrients and deliver the nutrients
to each body cell.
– Veins carry away waste products and excess fluid
of each body cell.
• Transports heat.
– Regulates heat by
distributing heat
generated by muscles.
Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transports oxygen to body cells and carbon
dioxide away from body cells.
– Arteries carry oxygen to cells.
– Veins take carbon dioxide away from cells.
• Transports hormones through the blood
stream.
• Transports antibodies.
– Through the blood stream to help the body fight
infection.
Three Main Parts
• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
Heart
• The Main Pump
– Hollow Organ
• The heart is divided into 4 chambers that are
connected by 4 valves
– Valves are flap-like structures that allow blood to
only flow in one
direction
The Chambers of the Heart
• There are 4 chambers divided into “upper”
and “lower” chambers
Right Atrium
Receives unoxygenated
blood from the veins.
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs and pumps
it into the left ventricle.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Receives blood from the
right atrium and pumps to
the lungs.
Pumps blood into the
aorta, which will transport
blood through the body.
Major Blood Vessels in the Heart
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•
•
•
•
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Aorta
Valves in the Heart
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•
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Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
Aortic Valve
Blood flow through the Heart
• Superior & Inferior
Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary
Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Arteries
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•
•
•
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral)
Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar
Valve
• Aorta
The Heart
The Heart Diagram
• Using your heart
diagram, fill in the
missing answers
Are you Ready Doctor?
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transpla
ntwave.html
Blood Vessels
• Closed system for flow of blood
• Three types of vessels:
– Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
Vein
Artery
Valve
Arterioles
Venules
Capillarybed
Blood
• Provides vital transportation for the body
• Four components
–
–
–
–
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Plasma
Diseases and Disorders
• Anemia
• Heart Attack
• High Blood
Pressure
• Atherosclerosis
Anemia
• Blood disorder where capacity of the
blood to transport oxygen is decreased.
• Usually red blood cell count is diminished.
• Causes:
– Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies,
decreased RBC production, increase in RBC
destruction by spleen
• Symptoms:
– Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor, increased
heart rate, difficulty breathing
Heart Attack
(Myocardial Infarction)
• Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary
artery is blocked.
• Symptoms:
– Chest pain
– Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and
chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen,
shoulder or left arm.
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Difficulty breathing
– Anxiety or fear
What is a Heart Attack?
High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension)
• Blood pressure is chronically elevated.
• Can contribute to coronary artery disease,
strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the
aorta.
• Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a
sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is
considered hypertension.
• Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild
headache.
Atherosclerosis
• Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner
walls of arteries.
• Restricts the flow of blood.
• Fats and other particles combine to form
plaque.
• Calcium can be deposited by plaque and
cause the area to harden.
Careers
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Emergency Medical Technician
Surgical Technician
Cardiologist
Phlebotomist
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Technician
Emergency Medical Technician
The EMT-Intermediate (EMT-2 and EMT-3) has more
advanced training that allows the administration of
intravenous fluids, the use of manual defibrillators to
give lifesaving shocks to a stopped heart, and the
application of advanced airway techniques and
equipment to assist patients experiencing respiratory
emergencies.
• Training ranges from 6-12 months
• Salary ranges from less than
• 30,000/yr
Surgical Technician
• Before surgery - help prepare the operating room by
setting up surgical instruments and equipment, sterile
drapes, and sterile solutions. During surgery technologists pass instruments and other sterile
supplies to surgeons and surgeon assistants
• Training ranges from 6-12 months
• Salary ranges from
• $40,000/ year
Cardiologist
• Cardiology is the study of cardiovascular illness, the
care of all things related to the heart. It is a
specialization amongst physicians. Cardiology also
includes arteries and it used to diagnose and treat
conditions like blockages. Cardiologists should not be
confused with cardiac surgeons.
• Training is usually 10-12 years
• Salary is more than $100,000/year
Phlebotomist
• A phlebotomist is someone who is trained to collect
blood sample in a clinical environment. They usually
work under the supervision of the Medical Laboratory
Scientist. After the phlebotomist collects the blood,
they process and analyze the specimen with
sophisticated laboratory equipment.
• Training is about 6 months
• Salary is usually less than $30,000/yr
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Technician
Perform a noninvasive procedure using ultrasound
instrumentation to record vascular information such as
vascular blood flow, blood pressure, changes in limb
volume, oxygen saturation, cerebral circulation,
peripheral circulation, and abdominal circulation. Many
of these tests are performed during or immediately after
surgery.
• Training is about 2 years
• Salary ranges from $40,000/Yr