Transcript The Lymphatic & Immune System

The Lymphatic & Immune
System
Crystal Maravilla, Jerrod Villasenor,
Juan Orona
What is the Lymphatic System?
● Network of tubes throughout the body that drains lymph
which bathes tissues and empties it back into the bloodstream.
● Structures include:
● lymphatic vessels
● lymph nodes
● lymph capillaries
● lymph trunks
● spleen
● thymus
Lymphatic System Structures
Lymphatic Vessels:
● Functions:
● Transport and filter lymph before directing it to the heart.
● Location:
● Alongside from arteries or veins.
Lymph Capillaries
● Function:
● Served to drain and process extracellular fluids.
● Location:
● Spaces between cells
Lymph Trunk
● Functions:
● Drains into ducts bringing lymph into blood by emptying into
subclavian veins.
● Two lymphatic ducts:
● Right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct.
● Pairs of trunks:
● Jugular, subclavian, bronchom,lumbar, and intestinal
(unpaired)
Lymph Trunk cont.
● Location:
● Throughout the body.
Lymph Nodes
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Functions:
Produces lymphocytes to protect lymph.
Location
Thorax and abdomen
Spleen
Functions:
● Recycles old red blood cells
● Stores white blood cells
● Stores platelets
● Location:
● Under the ribcage
Thymus
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Functions:
Training and development in T-cells.
Location:
Behind sternum
Between lungs
Fluid Formation
● Formed when interstitial fluid is collected through lymph
capillaries
● It is then transported through lymph vessels to lymph nodes
before being emptied into veins where it mixes back with
blood
● Lymph is a milky fluid formed from the excess fluid
surrounding body tissue
● Hydrostatic pressure from the heart forces fluid to leave the
blood vessels to form lymph
Fluid Formation Cont.
Immune System
● Giant network that consists of:
○ Cells
○ Tissues
○ Organs
● Helps protect body from
○ Viruses
○ Bacteria
○ Parasites
○ Fungi
Specific Immune Cells
● Macrophages: engulf antigens; inform T lymphocytes
o Develop from monocytes
o Part of the innate immune process
● Cytoxic T cells (natural killer cells):
o Remove tumors
o Remove infected body cells
o Produces cytokines
● Cytokines:
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Messenger of the immune system
Some stimulate activity
Inhibit activity
Interferons, interfere with virus reproduction
Continued . . .
● Helper T cells secrete/produce chemicals that:
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Promote memory cells
Promote effectors
Release cytokines
Suppresses or regulates immune responses
● B cells:
o Many become plasma cells
o Produce antibodies
o Other into memory B cells
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Effector cell: seek & destroy antigens
Memory cell: become dormant; awakens when antigen enters again
Antibodies: bind to antigens & recognized by lymphocytes
Antigen: any foreign object in the body
Non-specific Cells
● Phagocytes: “eats” antigens
● Neutrophil: phagocytize bacteria
o Most common white blood cell
o Trap the bacteria
● Eosinophils secrete enzymes to kill:
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Parasitic worms
Other pathogens
Targets objects to big to ingest
Normally involved in inflammation or allergic reactions
● Basophils: contains granules of toxic chemicals; normally for allergies
o Release histamine
o Attract neutrophils and eosinophils to trouble spot
Continued . . .
● Dendritic Cells: messenger between innate and adaptive immune
systems
o Help B cells maintain immune memory
o Form numerous antibody antigen complexes
● Mast cells: “master regulators”
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Contain inflammatory chemicals
Histamine
Serotonin
Important role in wound healing
Comparison of Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic Systems
● Both granular and agranular leukocytes are involved
○ Granular leukocytes: Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils
○ Agranular leukocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes
○ Lymphocytes include T cells, natural killer cells, and B
cells
● Both enter into capillaries
● Lymph and plasma are both about 90% water
Comparison of the Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic Systems Cont.
● Lymph vessels resemble veins
○ Both have thin walls and many check valves due to
their shared functions of carrying fluids under low
pressure
○ Both use skeletal muscle contractions to push the
liquid forward
● Help to maintain homeostasis
Contrasts of the Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic Systems
● Cardiovascular System:
o Circulate blood throughout the body
o Delivers essential nutrients and oxygen to the body
o Remover wastes and carbon dioxide
o Regulates the blood pressure
o Blood flows in a continuous loop but lymph only
flows one direction, upwards toward the neck
Contrasts of the Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic Systems Cont.
● Lymphatic System:
o Movement of interstitial fluid from the tissues to the
circulatory system
o Transports fatty acids from the digestive system
o Most fatty acids absorbed thought the lymphatic system
o Fight pathogens that have entered the body
o Prevent infections by barring pathogens from entering the
body
o Develop immunity to infections
Works Cited
"Immune System." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. N.p., 12
Mar. 2015. Web. 18 Mar. 2015. <http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/
immunesystem/Pages/default.aspx>.
“Immune and Lymphatic System.” Inner Body.
http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html
“Lymphatic System: Facts, Functions & Diseases.” Live Science.
http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html