Transcript The Respiratory Syst.. - Junction Hill C

The Respiratory System
The
respiratory
system
consists of the
lungs, throat,
and
passageways
that lead to
the lungs
Out with the bad air; in with the good
• Your body needs a continuous
supply of oxygen in order to obtain
energy from the foods you eat.
• The air you breathe is a mixture of
several gases, one of these gases is
oxygen
• When you breathe, your body takes
in air and absorbs the oxygen
• Then carbon dioxide from your
body is added to the air, and the
stale air is exhaled.
Respiration
• Respiration is the entire process by
which a body obtains and uses
oxygen and gets rid of carbon
dioxide and water
• Respiration is divided into two
parts:
– Breathing, which involves inhaling
and exhaling
– Cellular respiration, which involves
the chemical reactions that release
energy from food
• 1 - nasal cavity
2 - pharynx (throat)
3 - (blue) alveoli or
air sacs
4 - (yellow)
bronchioles
5 - (pink) lung
6 - (red) diaphragm
7 - nostril
8 - (orange) larynx
or voice box
9 - (green) trachea
10 - (light green)
bronchus
Parts of the Respiratory System
• Nose
– Your nose is the primary
passageway into and out of
the respiratory system.
– Air is inhaled through the
nose, where it comes into
contact with warm, moist
surfaces
– Air can also enter and leave
through the mouth
• Pharynx
– From the nose, air flows into the
pharynx or throat
– In addition to air, food and drink
also travel through the pharynx
on the way to the stomach
– The pharynx branches into two
tubes
•One tube leads to the stomach
and is called the esophagus
•The other tube leads to the
lungs and is called the larynx
• Larynx
– The larynx, or voice box,
contain the vocal cords.
– The vocal cords are a pair of
elastic bands that are
stretched across the
opening of the larynx
– When air flows between the
vocal cords, they vibrate and
make sound.
• Trachea
– The larynx guards the entrance
to a large tube called the trachea
, or windpipe.
– The trachea is the passageway
for air traveling from the larynx
to the lungs.
• Bronchi
– The trachea splits into two tubes
called bronchi.
– One bronchus goes to each lung
and branches into thousands of
tiny tubes called bronchioles.
A close-up of the air sacs, which are located
at the ends of the bronchioles. Each "air sac"
is comprised of a cluster of alveoli.
The red structures represent blood vessels
leading to & from the air sacs.
Lungs
– Your body has two
large sponge-like
lungs.
– In the lungs, each
bronchiole
branches to form
thousands of tiny
sacs called
alveoli.
– Capillaries
surround each
alveolus.
The wall of an alveolus is
only one cell thick. This
allows gases to diffuse
into & out of the alveoli.
The alveoli are
surrounded by capillaries
so that oxygen and
carbon dioxide can be
exchanged between the
lungs & the
blood. Oxygen in the
alveolus can diffuse into
the bloodstream (& be
transported throughout
the body) and carbon
dioxide in the
bloodstream can enter
the alveoli (& then be
exhaled).
How Do You Breathe?
• When you breathe, air is sucked in
or forced out of your lungs
• Breathing is done by rib muscles
and the diaphragm, a domeshaped muscle underneath the
lungs
• When the diaphragm contracts
and moves down, it increases the
chest cavity’s volume
• At the same time, some of your rib
muscles contract and lift your rib
cage, causing it to expand
• Oxygen diffuses inside cells, where
it is used in cellular respiration
• During cellular respiration, oxygen
is used to release energy stored in
molecules of carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins and carbon dioxide
and water
• The carbon dioxide and water
leave the cell and return to the
bloodstream
• The carbon dioxide is carried to
the lungs and exhaled
Respiratory Disorders
• There are many types of
respiratory disorders,
including:
• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• emphysema
• In asthma, irritants cause
tissue around the bronchioles
to constrict and secrete large
amounts of mucus.
• As the bronchiole tubes get
narrower, the person has
difficulty breathing
• Bronchitis can develop when
something irritates the lining of
the bronchioles
• Pneumonia is caused by bacteria
or viruses that grow inside the
bronchioles and alveoli and cause
them to become inflamed and
filled with fluid
• If the alveoli are filled with too
much fluid, the person may
suffocate.
The Hazards of Smoking
• Smoking is the leading cause
of cardiovascular diseases
and lung diseases, such as
emphysema and lung cancer.
• People with emphysema have
trouble getting the oxygen
they need because their lung
tissue erodes away.