Transcript Types of Circulatory System Open Circulatory System

CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Purpose:
 transportation- move substances
to and from cells
 linking cells with the outside
environment
 Substances include: O2, CO2, H2O,
nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones,
and cell wastes
Types of Circulatory System
 Open Circulatory System-blood not
enclosed in vessels, it flows directly
into body tissues where it bathes
tissues
Example- grasshopper- blood is kept
moving by breathing and movement of
animal
 Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it
does not carry O2 or CO2 only nutrients
and cellular wastes
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OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Types of Circulatory System
 Closed Circulatory System-
blood always contained in tubes
or vessels
–Earthworm or Human
 Note- Main difference between
closed and open system is blood in
closed system is under pressure,
blood moves faster as a result
 Example
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Human Circulatory System
3 Main parts include
Heart
Blood
Blood
vessels
Blood Vessels
 Function–carry blood to and from the cells in
the body
 3 types of blood vessels
 Arteries- take blood away from the heart to
body
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Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth
muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are
called arterioles)
Thick , elastic walls
Blood under the most pressure
Contain O2-rich blood
Blood Vessels
 Veins- Return blood back to the heart
from the body
 Contain
3 layers- connective tissue,
smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue
(small veins are called venules)
 Thin, only slightly elastic
 One-way valves help blood to flow in
one direction
 Muscles of the body help to squeeze the
veins and move blood back to heart
 Contain O2- poor blood (CO2)
VEINS
 Vein disorder- Varicose veins- veins
become stretched out and blood pools
in legs
Spider Veins
Blood Vessels
 Capillaries- tiny vessels that
connect arteries and veins
 Single
cell thick- very thin so
materials can easily pass
through to body cells (exchange
gases and nutrients for wastes)
 Narrow, thin vessels allow red
cells to pass in a single file
HEART
HEART
 Location- left center of chest
between lungs
 Function- muscular pump to push
blood through blood vessels
 Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue
 Never
gets tired
 Muscle fibers are intertwined
 Muscle fibers contract and relax
together as one unit
HEART
 Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing
valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves)
 Cycle of heartbeat
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Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze)
Relaxation of heart = Diastole (Dilate)
 Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries
(artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes
(heart relaxes)
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HEART
Heart Chambers
 Atria- upper chambers (right & left)
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Receive blood from body or lungs
Thin walls
 Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left)
 Push blood away to the body or lungs
 Thick walls
 Septum – wall in middle of heart that
separates the O2 rich side (left) from the
O2 poor side (right)
Blood Flow from left side of
heart to right side of heart:
1. Left atria (bicuspid valve)
2. Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve)
3. Aorta (main artery)
4. Body (upper and lower)
5. Vena Cava Vein ( Superior[from
above heart]& inferior [from
below heart)
Blood Flow from left side of
heart to right side of heart:
6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve)
7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve)
8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs)
9. Lungs (exchange CO2 for O2)
10. Pulmonary Veins (to heart)
11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)
BLOOD PRESSURE
 Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg)
 Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80
 120mmHg Systole/ 80mmHg Diastole
 Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer
(Blood Pressure Cuff)
 Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood
Pressure)
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Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than
140mm Systole or 90mm Diastole
Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication
Disorders of Circulatory System
 Atherosclerosis- (hardening of the
arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits
on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow
and increasing blood pressure
 Treatment- Cholesterol medication (Lipitor)
and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol
Disorders of the circulatory system
 Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood
flow in the coronary artery becomes severely
restricted or completely restricted and results
in heart muscle death
 Treatment:
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Angioplasty (balloon to open the artery’s blood
flow)
Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a
Chinese finger puzzle)
Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel
around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg)
Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking
Disorders of the circulatory system
 Stroke- Blood flow to the brain is
blocked (clot) resulting in loss of
consciousness, numbness and
possible brain damage
 Treatment- removal of clot,
medication to stop clotting
Disorders of the circulatory system
 Heart Murmur- abnormal rhythm of the
heartbeat caused by leaky valves in the
heart
 Treatment- replace the leaky valves
 Arrhythmia - Heart beat rhythm not
regular or rapid (bradycardia,
tachycardia)
 Treatment- pacemaker placed on heart