Transcript Human Circulatory System

CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Purpose:
 transportation- move substances
to and from cells
 linking cells with the outside
environment
 Substances include: O2, CO2, H2O,
nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones,
and cell wastes
Types of Circulatory System
 Open Circulatory System-blood not
enclosed in vessels, it flows directly
into body tissues where it bathes
tissues
Example- grasshopper- blood is kept
moving by breathing and movement of
animal
 Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it
does not carry O2 or CO2 only nutrients
and cellular wastes

OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Types of Circulatory System
 Closed Circulatory System-
blood always contained in tubes
or vessels
–Earthworm or Human
 Note- Main difference between
closed and open system is blood in
closed system is under pressure,
blood moves faster as a result
 Example
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Human Circulatory System
3 Main parts include
Heart
Blood
Blood
vessels
Blood Vessels
 Function–carry blood to and from the cells in
the body
 3 types of blood vessels
 Arteries- take blood away from the heart to
body
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Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth
muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are
called arterioles)
Thick , elastic walls
Blood under the most pressure
Contain O2-rich blood
Blood Vessels
 Veins- Return blood back to the heart
from the body
 Contain
3 layers- connective tissue,
smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue
(small veins are called venules)
 Thin, only slightly elastic
 One-way valves help blood to flow in
one direction
 Muscles of the body help to squeeze the
veins and move blood back to heart
 Contain O2- poor blood (CO2)
VEINS
 Vein disorder- Varicose veins- veins
become stretched out and blood pools
in legs
Spider Veins
Blood Vessels
 Capillaries- tiny vessels that
connect arteries and veins
 Single
cell thick- very thin so
materials can easily pass
through to body cells (exchange
gases and nutrients for wastes)
 Narrow, thin vessels allow red
cells to pass in a single file
HEART
HEART
 Location- left center of chest
between lungs
 Function- muscular pump to push
blood through blood vessels
 Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue
 Never
gets tired
 Muscle fibers are intertwined
 Muscle fibers contract and relax
together as one unit
HEART
 Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing
valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves)
 Cycle of heartbeat
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
Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze)
Relaxation of heart = Diastole (Dilate)
 Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries
(artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes
(heart relaxes)
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HEART
Heart Chambers
 Atria- upper chambers (right & left)
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
Receive blood from body or lungs
Thin walls
 Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left)
 Push blood away to the body or lungs
 Thick walls
 Septum – wall in middle of heart that
separates the O2 rich side (left) from the
O2 poor side (right)
THE HEART SONG
Blood Flow from left side of
heart to right side of heart:
1. Left atria (bicuspid valve)
2. Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve)
3. Aorta (main artery)
4. Body (upper and lower)
5. Vena Cava Vein ( Superior[from
above heart]& inferior [from
below heart)
Blood Flow from left side of
heart to right side of heart:
6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve)
7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve)
8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs)
9. Lungs (exchange CO2 for O2)
10. Pulmonary Veins (to heart)
11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)
BLOOD PRESSURE
 Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg)
 Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80
 120mmHg Systole/ 80mmHg Diastole
 Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer
(Blood Pressure Cuff)
 Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood
Pressure)
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Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than
140mm Systole or 90mm Diastole
Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication
Disorders of Circulatory System
 Atherosclerosis- (hardening of the
arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits
on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow
and increasing blood pressure
 Treatment- Cholesterol medication (Lipitor)
and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol
Disorders of the circulatory system
 Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood
flow in the coronary artery becomes severely
restricted or completely restricted and results
in heart muscle death
 Treatment:
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Angioplasty (balloon to open the artery’s blood
flow)
Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a
Chinese finger puzzle)
Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel
around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg)
Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking
Disorders of the circulatory system
 Stroke- Blood flow to the brain is
blocked (clot) resulting in loss of
consciousness, numbness and
possible brain damage
 Treatment- removal of clot,
medication to stop clotting
Disorders of the circulatory system
 Heart Murmur- abnormal rhythm of the
heartbeat caused by leaky valves in the
heart
 Treatment- replace the leaky valves
 Arrhythmia - Heart beat rhythm not
regular or rapid (bradycardia,
tachycardia)
 Treatment- pacemaker placed on heart
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
 Function- collects excess
intracellular fluid and protein from
intracellular spaces and returns it to
the blood

Intracellular fluid – mostly water, salts,
proteins and nutrients that help move
materials between capillaries and the cells

Lymph Fluid is pushed through system by
muscles contracting
Parts of Lymphatic system
1. Lymphatic
Capillaries -absorb
fluid and fluid goes into
2. Lymphatic vessels-tubes which
connect to
3. Lymph ducts- which collect fluid
and the fluid diffuses back into
blood vessels
Parts of the lymphatic system
***Lymph nodes -many vessels come
together and foreign matter [microbe] is
filtered out of fluid, white blood cells are
produced by some nodes***inflammation
results and you get “swollen glands”
Spleen- also considered part of the Lymph
system