Transcript Animal Kingdom Notes

Porifera
Common Name: Sponges
Symmetry: Asymmetrical
Habitat: Mostly salt water, some fresh
Reproduction: Hermaphroditic,
Asexual or sexual
Sponges are sessile- they stay in one
place for most of their lives
Sponges are made mostly of proteins called spongin
and spicules. Spongin is soft, spicules are sharp, and
hard.
Sponges filter feed. Collar cells wave their flagella and
cause water , food, and other nutrients to flow in.
Cnidaria
Common Name: Jellyfish, Hydras, sea
anemones, corals
Symmetry: Radial
Habitat: Mostly salt water, some fresh
Reproduction: Sexual Reproduction and asexual
Cnidarians have stinging cells in their tentacles
called cnidocytes. 2-way gut. GROSS
2 body forms: Medusa and polyp
Cnidocytes
Platyhelminthes
Common Name: Flatworms
Symmetry: Bilateral
3 main types: Planarians, Flukes, Tapeworms
2-way gut. Gross.
Planaria
Free-living, don’t depend on
animals for food or habitat.
Reproduce asexually. It can
be cut in half and each half
grows into a new worm.
Flukes
All are parasites with a life cycle that requires
multiple hosts. Reproduce Sexually
- Female and male mate, female lays eggs
inside a host. Eggs leave host in urine or feces,
then end up in water. Snails in the water get
infected. Eggs hatch from snail and the worms
burrow into a new host, like a human foot.
- Can infect the blood, lungs, liver, eyes, and
other organs of its host.
Parasites. Has a head with hooks
that attach to the animal’s
insides. Doesn’t have a mouth or
digestive system. It just absorbs
nutrients from its host.
Grows by making new segments
behind the head. Each segment
carries sperm and eggs. Eggs
fertilize and the segment breaks
off, goes out of the intestines,
and gets eaten by a new host.
Tapeworms
Nematoda
Common Name: Roundworms
Symmetry: Bilateral
Habitat: Soil, plants, water, animals
Over half a million species exist. Some are parasites,
but most are free-living. Reproduce Sexually. Have
two body openings, a mouth and anus. 1-way gut!
C. Elegans important for genetic research!
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Cause heartworm in dogs, trichinosis in humans
Damage crops around the worlds.
Feed on termites, fleas, ants, beetles, other insects
Help enrich the soil.
Annelida (Segmented Worms)
Common Name: Earthworms, leeches, marine worms
Symmetry: Bilateral
Habitat: Soil, water
1-way gut, but also many more organ systems!
Muscles, digestive system, excretory system,
circulatory system, respiratory system, nervous
system, reproductive system.
Help enrich soil with their POOP. Leeches used in
surgery to avoid blood clots. Marine worms are a
base of the food chain.
TODAY…….
Mollusca
Common Name: Mollusks (Latin for Soft)
Symmetry: Bilateral
Habitat: water, and moist land environments
3 types: Gastropods, Bivalves, Cephalopods
Common traits- a tongue-like organ called a
radula with rows of teeth for scraping food, a
muscular organ for movement called a foot, an
open circulatory system, gills, and a mantle
(outer covering)
Gastropod
• “Stomach foot”
• Snails, slugs, conchs, whelks, abalones.
• Usually have one large shell
Bivalves
Have 2 shells on a single hinged joint. Powerful
muscles pull the shells closed.
Scallops, clams, oysters
“Head Foot” Cephalopods
Intelligent, complex mollusks that have a
“Head”, a foot divided into many tentacles, and
a well-developed nervous system. Have a
Closed circulatory system.
Squid, Octopus, Cuttlefish
Here come the Arthropods!
Arthropoda
Common Name: Arthropods
Symmetry: Bilateral
Habitat: EVERYWHERE.
Reproduction: PROLIFIC. That means A lot.
Arthropod means “jointed foot”
Have jointed appendages, like legs, wings,
antennae, claws, pincers.
Have segmented bodies
Have a hard outer covering called an exoskeleton
Insects
• Have a clear head, thorax, and abdomen
• More insects exist than any other animal group
– Head has sensory organs, compound or simple
eyes, and complex mouthparts.
– The thorax has 3 pairs of legs attached and
sometimes wings
– Abdomen is where reproductive structures are
found. Spiracles are openings that allows oxygen to
reach different cells.
• Insects go through metamorphosis. Complete
metamorphosis is where the start out as eggs,
then larva, then pupa, then the adult form.
Incomplete metamorphosis is when they hatch
from eggs into a nymph, a miniature adult
version, and molt several times until completely
adult sized.
• Insects succeed because they have tough,
flexible exoskeletons
• They have short lives and can evolve quickly
• They Reproduce A LOT
• Since they’re small, they can live in a wide
variety of places, and avoid enemies
• Camouflage also helps!
Arachnids
• Mites, Spiders, scorpions
• Have two body regions: cephalothorax and
abdomen. All have 4 pairs of legs, no antennae
• Scorpions have poisonous stingers and pincers
• Spiders release enzymes into their food and
suck out the liquids.
Centipedes and Millipedes
• Centipedes are poisonous and are carnivorous
• Millipedes are herbivorous
• Centipedes have one pair of legs per body
segment
• Millipedes have two pairs of legs per body
segment
Crustaceans
• Crabs, crayfish, lobster, barnacles, rolly-polly
bugs, water fleas
• Have 1-2 pairs of antennae and mandibles
used to crush food
• Most live in water, but some live on land
• Have 5 pairs of legs. The first pair is claws
• Have 5 pairs of swimmerets on the abdomen.
Echinodermata (“Spiny Skin”)
Common Name: Sea Stars, brittle stars, sea urchins,
sand dollars, sea cucumbers
Symmetry: Radial
Habitat: Oceans
Have no brain/head, just a ring of nerves
Water vascular system helps them move by sucking
water in and expelling it out.
• Sea Stars can regenerate arms
Chordata
Common Name:
Symmetry:
Habitat:
Reproduction: