Transcript Human Body Systems Part 2

Human Body
Systems
Part 2
Fun Facts about… the Excretory
System
• Your kidneys filter all your blood every 45 minutes
• In one day, 440 gallons of blood flow through the
kidneys.
• There are 1 million nephrons in a kidney that are
responsible for filtering blood.
• You excrete between 1 and 1.5 liters of urine each
day.
Why is it important?
• Regulates water
content of blood
• Regulates blood
volume
• Maintains blood
pH
• Removes waste
products from
blood
Kidneys
• Located on either side
of the spinal column
near the lower back
•Responsible for
filtering blood
Functional Unit of the Kidneys
NEPHRON
• Each nephron has its
own blood supply
• As blood enters a
nephron, impurities are
filtered out and emptied
into the collecting duct.
The purified blood then
exits the nephron.
How does a nephron work?
• Filtration
– Process of removing
wastes from the
blood
•Water
•Urea
•Glucose
•Salt
•Amino acids
•Some vitamins
• Reabsorption
– Process in which
liquid is taken back
into the blood
– Remaining material
Urine
– Urea
– Excess salt
– About 1% of the
filtered water
Dialysis
From the kidneys…
STEP 2
• The URINE moves
through a URETER
– A tube connecting the
kidney to the bladder
STEP 3
• To the URINARY
BLADDER
– A saclike organ that
stores the urine
STEP 4
• Before being excreted
through the URETHRA
Name That Part!
KIDNEY
URETER
Urethra
Bladder
Female Reproductive System
FUNCTIONS
1. To produce sex
cells (eggs)
2. Nourish and
protect the embryo
(fertilized egg/growing child)
Female Reproductive Structures
• VAGINA- stretchy,
muscular tube; sometimes
called the birth canal.
Used in intercourse.
• UTERUS- holds and
nourishes growing
embryo. Made of muscle
for contractions to push
the baby out. Lines itself
with blood
– Menstrual cyclebleeding from the
uterus. Every 28 days
Female Reproductive
Structures
• OVARIES- produce , store
and release eggs
• FALLOPIAN TUBEcatches the released egg
and pushes the egg
toward the uterus
(fertilization takes place
here)
• OVULATION- maturation
and release of an egg
Male Reproductive System
FUNCTIONS:
1.To make sperm
2.To deliver sperm
to the fallopian
tube
Male Reproductive Structures
• Penis- an organ made
of spongy tissue; used
in excretion and
intercourse
• Scrotum- saclike
structure that holds
the epididymis and
testes
• Testicles-make sperm
produces testosterone
Male Reproductive Structures
• Sperm-sex cells
• Vas Deferens- thin
tube that carries the
sperm from the
testes to the
urethra
• Semen- fluid sperm
swim in
Fertilization and
Embryonic/FetalDevelopment
Fun Facts about…the Respiratory System
• We breathe about 9 to 20 times every
minute.
• The fastest sneeze on record was 102 miles
per hour in speed.
• Hiccups are caused by a spasm or sudden
movement in your diaphragm.
Respiratory System
•Function: to bring
about the
exchange of
oxygen and
carbon dioxide
between the
blood, the air, and
tissues.
The Path of Air
• Air moves through the
NOSE to a tube in the
back of the mouth
called the PHARYNX.
– To keep the lungs
healthy, the air must be:
•Filtered
•Moistened
•Warmed
The Path of Air
• From the PHARYNX air
passes into the
TRACHEA
• The air then moves
into two passageways
called BRONCHI
• Each BRONCHUS leads
into a LUNG
In the Lungs
• The lungs are made of
tiny air sacs called
ALVEOLI
• Capillaries surround
each ALVEOLI enabling
gas exchange to take
place
Diaphragm and Breathing
Fun Facts about… the Circulatory System
• One drop of blood has about 5 million red blood
cells and 12,000 white blood cells.
• Blood circulates the entire body in 20 seconds.
• The heartbeats about 30 million times in 365 days.
• An average adult's body has about 5 liters of blood.
Circulatory System
• FUNCTION: circulates
blood within a system
of vessels to transport
nutrients, oxygen, and
waste products
• STRUCTURES: heart,
series of blood vessels,
and blood
Heart
• Made up of cardiac
muscle
• Four chambers (left
and right ventricle, left
and right atrium)
• Valves stop the
backflow of blood
• Pumps blood
throughout the body
3 Types of Blood Vessels
1. Arteries-carry
blood away
from heart
(oxygenated)
2. Veins-carry
blood to heart
(de-oxygenated)
3. Capillaries-gas
exchange occurs
Blood
• Human body contains 4-6 liters of blood
• 45% - cells (red and white blood cells, platelets)
– Red : contains hemoglobin (carries oxygen)
– White : Fights pathogens
– Platelets : clot
• 55% - plasma (mostly water; contains dissolved gases, salts,
nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and proteins)
Lymphatic System
• Function: A network of
vessels, nodes, and
organs that collects
fluid (lymph) that is
lost by the blood and
returns it back to the
circulatory system.
Fun Facts about… the Endocrine System
• It contains 30 hormones that are responsible for
regulating different body processes.
• Your mood is largely influenced by the Endocrine
System.
• A guy’s voice change is brought on by your
endocrine system.
• Your height is influenced by inherited genes and
hormones.
Endocrine System
• Made up of glands that release products that
deliver messages into bloodstream.
• These chemical products are called hormones.
Glands:
– Exocrine: release secretion through ducts directly to
the organs that use them. Ex: Sweat, tears, digestive
juices
• Sweat is used to maintain homeostasis
– Endocrine: release hormones directly into
bloodstream. NO DUCTS
Hormones
Definition: Chemicals released in one part of the
body that travels through the bloodstream and
affect the activities of cells in other parts of the
body
• The body’s responses to hormones are slower
and longer-lasting than signals from the
nervous system.
– It may take several minutes, hours, or even days
before the hormone takes full effect.
Endocrine Glands
What gland controls what?
• Pituitary: controls the actions of the other
endocrine glands
• Hypothalamus: controls pituitary gland
• Thyroid: body’s metabolism
• Parathyroid: calcium levels in the blood
• Adrenal: help body deal with stress
• Pancreas: maintain blood glucose levels
• Ovaries: produce eggs
• Testes: produce sperm
AIDS
• Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
– HIV spreads through the body by replicating
inside immune cells (helper T cells)
– NO CURE
– Can be contracted by:
•Sex with infected person
•Sharing needles with infected person
•Contact with blood of infected person
•An infected mother to child during pregnancy, birth,
or breast-feeding