Transcript Junior Cert Biology Questions and Answers

HUMERUS
HINGE / FREELY MOVABLE
BACTERIA
FUNGI
EARTH WORMS
TRANSPIRATION
BLUE COBALT CHLORIDE
WILL TURN PINK IF WATER IS PRESENT
SUCK AIR
AN EGG MATURES
THE EGG IS RELEASED, OVULATION
AN EXTRA LINING IS LAID DOWN IN CASE OF PREGNANCY
CHROMOSOMES
DNA
COMPOSTING; DECOMPOSES ORGANIC MATERIAL
INCINERATION; BURNS WASTE
RETURNS NUTRIENTS TO THE SOIL
CREATES FUMES AND SMELL
THE COVERED PART WILL STAY CLEAR, EXPOSED PART WILL GO BLACK
SUNLIGHT IS NEEDED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ALVEOLI
CARBON DIOXIDE MOVES
OUT OF THE CAPILLARIES
INTO THE ALVEOLI AND
OXYGEN MOVES FROM
THE ALVEOLI INTO THE BLOOD CAPILLARIES
RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
CARRY OXYGEN
FIGHT DISEASE
IT IS PUMPING BLOOD AROUND
THE BODY, THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE IS ONLY PUMPING BLOOD TO THE LUNGS.
BLOOD BEING PUMPED THROUGH THE
ATERIES UNDER PRESSURE.
LOCATE A PULSE WITH THE TWO
FOREFINGERS, COUNT THE NUMBER OF BEATS IN 15 SECONDS
AND MULTIPLY YOUR ANSWER BY FOUR.
THE PULSE RATE GOES UP WHEN EXERCISING AS THE HEART
NEEDS TO PUMP BLOOD MORE QUICKLY TO THE MUSCLES
TO ENSURE THEY HAVE PLENTY OF OXYGEN.
THE RATE FALLS WHEN THE ATHLETE LONGER NEEDS THE
EXTRA OXYGEN FOR THE MUSCLES BECAUSE HE/SHE IS NOW
AT REST.
PROTEIN
CARBOHYDRATE
GROWTH AND REPAIR
ENERGY
eat some from each layer
eat more from the bottom
eat less from the top
B
A
TO LOOK THROUGH
TO HOLD THE GLASS SLIDE
put piece of tissue on slide
In water/ in iodine
cover with slip
Nucleus
Wall
Chloroplasts
Cell
membrane
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
WATER
SALT
BRING MESSAGES FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM TO THE BODY
BRING MESSAGES FROM THE BODY TO THE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO THE BODY.
FUSED JOINT
NO MOVEMENT IS POSSIBLE
LENS
TO CHANGE THE SHAPE
OF THE LENS
NUCLEUS
PROTEIN
SUCK AIR THROUGH ‘A’.
POINT ‘B’ AT AN INSECT OR SMALL
ANIMAL AND SUCTION IT INTO THE
POOTER. IDENTIFY WITH BOOKS.
YEAST TO MAKE BREAD
BACTERIA TO MAKE YOGHURT
FAT
RUB A PIECE OF FOOD AGAINST SOME BROWN PAPER.
IF THERE IS FAT PRESENT, IT WILL LEAVE A PERMANENT
TRANSLUCENT MARK ON THE PAPER.
OXYGEN
WARMTH
MOISTURE
A has water, oxygen (air) and warm (15-200C)
B has water, oxygen (air) and cold (40C)
C has no water, oxygen (air) and warm (15-200C)
D has water, no oxygen (air) and warm (15-200C)
produces bile.
helps digest (emulsify) fats.
AMYLASE
STARCH
ABSORPTION OF FOOD INTO THE BLOOD SYSTEM
Burn a peanut (crisp) (cracker). HEAT A BEAKER OF WATER.
Temperature of water rises.
Thermometer shows increase.
OXYGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE
Test for CO2:
CO2 (carbon dioxide) turns lime water milky white.
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Use a brighter light
Burning releases carbon dioxide (CO2)
acidification of rivers (lakes) (seas) / melting of polar
ice (glaciers)/ rise in sea levels / greenhouse effect
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is taken in by plants/ used in
photosynthesis
Plant more trees (reforestation)
An organism which breaks down dead
plants or dead animals.
CARRIES OXYGEN
FIGHTS INFECTION
REDUCE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS
TREAT SEWAGE BEFORE RELEASING
IT INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.
FOOD
MINERALS
CHROMOSOMES
PASSING ON OF CHARACTERISTICS
THEY PUMP BLOOD UNDER
PRESSURE
ALL VEINS HAVE VALVES TO PREVENT BACKFLOW
OF BLOOD.
VITAMIN D PREVENTS OR BONES FROM BENDING (RICKETS)
IRON ALLOWS US TO MAKE RED BLOOD CELLS
OPENS OR CLOSES TO CONTROL
THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT GETTING INTO EYE
HOLE IN THE MIDDLE OF IRIS. ALLOWS
LIGHT IN.
BECAUSE THE INSIDE OF THE EYE IS
COMPLETELY DARK.
THE BLOOD IN THE RENAL ARTERY,
BRINGING BLOOD INTO THE KIDNEY,
HAS WASTE PRODUCTS SUCH AS SALT,
TOO MUCH WATER AND UREA. THE BLOOD
LEAVING IN THE RENAL VEIN HAS MUCH
OF THESE WASTES REMOVED
THE BLOOD HAS BEEN FILTERED BY THE FILTER TUBULES
IN THE KIDNEY.
TO ALLOW THE FILTERED BLOOD TO DRAIN INTO THE BLADDER.
AMYLASE
STARCH
THE STARCH IS MIXED WITH COLD WATER AND HEATED UNTIL
IT FORMS A CLEAR SOLUTION. IT IS THEN ALLOWED TO COOL.
370 , BODY TEMPERATURE.
10 MINUTES
TEST PART OF THE SOLUTION WITH IODINE. IT WILL NOT GO BLACK.
THIS INDICATES THAT THE STARCH IS GONE.
HEAT PART OF THE SOLUTION WITH BENEDICT’S SOLUTION IT WILL
TURN FROM BLUE TO BRICK RED, INDICATING THE PRESENCE OF
SUGARS.
F
S
WHEN A MALE SEX CELL FUSES WITH A FEMALE SEX CELL TO GIVE
A ZYGOTE.
THE MOTHER EXPERIENCES STRONG CONTRACTIONS OF
THE UTERUS
THE AMNIOTIC SAC BREAKS RELEASING IT WATERS.
THE PLACENTA (AFTER-BIRTH) IS PASSED OUT ALONG WITH
THE REMAINS OF THE UMBILICAL CORD.
PLANTS → GRASSHOPPER → FROG
GRASSHOPPER.
CAMOUFLAGED SO THAT IT IS DIFFICULT FOR PREDATORS TO SEE
THE STRUGGLE FOR RESOURCES BETWEEN ORGANISMS.
THE BUTTERFLY GETS FOOD FROM THE PLANTS AND
AT THE SAME TIME POLLINATES THE FLOWERS FOR THE PLANTS.
BOTH BENEFIT.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TRANSPIRATION
KIDNEY
TO PRODUCE AND EXCRETE URINE
TO MAGNIFY A SPECIMEN ON ‘C’
STAGE
A
V
THE SEEDS WILL START TO GROW
FAR AWAY FROM THE PARENT AND
WILL NOT BE IN COMPETITION WITH IT
FOR FOOD
ANIMALS OR BY WATER
IT HAS TO SWIM, FROM THE CERVIX TO
THE FALLOPIAN TUBE, TO THE EGG CELL
IN ONE OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES
POTATO, DAFFODIL, TULIP
THE POTATO USES UNDERGROUND STEMS CALLED TUBERS
TO MAKE NEW PLANTS
PROVIDES FOOD FOR BACTERIA AND
FUNGUS TO GROW
AS A CONTROL. IT SHOULD REMAIN FREE OF ANY GROWTH.
IF NOT THE AGAR WAS CONTAMINATED BEFORE THE EXP.
HAIRY FLUFFY GOWTHS AND SHINY DROPS OF ‘LIQUID’
HAIRY FLUFFY GROWTHS ARE FUNGAL COLONIES
DOTS OF LIQUID ARE BACTERIAL COLONIES
HUMERUS
FEMUR
HINGE JOINT
ALLOWS SMOOTH MOVEMENT
OF THE BONES
JOINS BONE TO BONE
AS ONE MUSCLE CONTRACTS TO MOVE A BONE ITS PARTNER RELAXES.
TO MOVE THE BONE BACK, THE RELAXED MUSCLE NOW CONTRACTS
AND OTHER RELAXES.
LIMEWATER
X
BECAUSE THERE IS A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF
CARBON DIOXIDE IN EXHALED AIR.
THERE IS A MUCH HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF CO2 IN
EXHALED AIR THAN IN INHALED AIR.
OXYGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE
THROW A BIRO OVER YOUR SHOULDER. PLACE A QUADRAT OVER
THE SPOT WHERE IT LANDS.
A PIECE OF ROPE, TIED BETWEEN TWO STAKES,
WITH KNOTS AT REGULAR INTERVALS
PLACE THE TWO STAKES IN THE GROUND AND TIE THE
LINE TRANSECT BETWEEN THEM. ONLY RECORD THE PLANTS
WHICH TOUCH THE KNOTS ON THE ROPE.
POOTER
SUCK AIR THROUGH ONE TUBE. POINT THE OTHER TUBE AT ANIMALS
WHICH YOU WANT TO COLLECT AND DRAW THEM INTO THE TUBE.
FOOD SUPPLY IS DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF HABITAT.
THE NUMBER OF PLACES FOR SHELTER MAY BE DIFFERENT
FROM ONE PLACE IN A HABITAT TO ANOTHER.
GILLS TO GET OXYGEN FROM WATER
FINS AND TAILS FOR SWIMMING
SALT
WATER AND UREA
BRAIN
EARS
CELL WALL
NUCLEUS
BREAK DOWN DEAD PLANTS
AND ANIMALS
CAN CAUSE DISEASE
SPOIL FOOD.
PROTEIN
DNA
PHOTOTROPISM
WILL ALWAYS HAVE LIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
OXYGEN IN THE AIR DIFFUSES ACROSS THE
THIN WALL OF THE ALVEOLUS INTO THE BLOOD
CAPILLARIES AND CARBON DIOXIDE DIFFUSES,
FROM THE BLOOD CAPILLARIES ACROSS THE
WALL INTO THE AIR IN THE ALVEOLUS.
THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF LARGE
FOOD MOLECULES INTO SIMPLE FOOD MOLECULES
SO THAT FOOD MOLECULES WILL DISSOLVE IN OUR
BLOOD
LIVER
PANCREAS
TO DIGEST PROTEIN IN FOOD
TO ABSORB WATER BACK INTO THE BLOOD
STREAM FROM THE WASTE FOOD.
FAT
FAT IS THE BIGGEST COMPONENT OF CHEESE BY MASS.
RUB SOME FOOD ONTO BROWN PAPER.
IF IT LEAVES A PERMANENT TRANSLUCENT MARK,
THE FOOD CONTAINS FAT.
SO THAT ANY STARCH ALREADY PRESENT IN THE PLANT
LEAVES WOULD BE REMOVED AND STORED ELSEWHERE.
TO SOFTEN THE LEAF
IODINE
THEY DID NOT CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL
OVARY
PRODUCES OVULES WHICH
BECOME SEEDS FOR MAKING
NEW PLANTS.
TO MAKE POLLEN
ANTHER
BY INSECT OR WIND
ZYGOTE
A SEED
EGGS
WE NEED TO TAKE IN MUCH SMALLER QUNTITIES OF FAT
THAN CARBOHYDRATE
WATER
GLUCOSE
SEED COAT OR TESTA
ENDOSPERM OR FOOD STORE
ALLOWS LIGHT THROUGH
CHANGES THE SHAPE OF THE LENS/ ADJUSTS THE FOCUS
CELL MEMBRANE
CHROMOSOMES
INCISORS
GRINDING/ CHEWING
SLUG/ SNAIL/ BEE/ WASP
DOG/ CAT
INCINERATION
WASTE IS BURNED
RECYCLING
WASTE MATERIALS ARE REUSED
INCINERATION
REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF
LANDFILL
PRODUCES TOXIC GASES
AORTA
VENA CAVA
HAS A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN
HAS A LOWER CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
THEY HAVE VERY THIN WALLS
RIGHT VENTRICLE
FOOD PASSES FROM
MOTHER TO BABY
OXYGEN PASSES FROM MOTHER TO BABY
CARRIES WASTES AWAY FROM THE BABY’S BLOOD
TO THE MOTHER’S BLOOD
UTERUS CONTRACTS TO PUSH THE BABY OUT
AMNIOTIC SAC BURSTS AND RELEASES ITS FLUID
THROUGH THE VAGINA
CERVIX DILATES (GETS WIDER) TO ALLOW THE BABY OUT.
PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD ARE PASSED OUT AFTER BIRTH.
TRANSPIRATION
STEADY WATER LOSS
A GREAT INCREASE IN
THE FALL OF WATER LEVEL
THERE WAS MOVEMENT OF AIR AROUND THE PLANT
THE TEMPERATURE WAS HOTTER
XYLEM
GREEN PLANTS → GRASSHOPPER → THRUSH
ANIMAL AND PLANT REMAINS
BUTTERFLIES ARE CAMOUFLAGED TO AVOID PREDATORS
FOX
OWL
LIVING THINGS DEPEND ON EACH OTHER
PLANTS PROVIDEFOOD FOR INSECTS
INSECTS POLLINATE THEIR FLOWERS
PROTEIN
FAT
IT CONTAINS CELLS
OXYGEN/ CARBON DIOXIDE/ FOOD
RELEASE OF CARBON DIOXIDE
GAS FROM BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
RISE IN SEA LEVELS
ANY METHOD WHICH PREVENTS PREGNANCY
CONDOM
TRANSPORTS WATER
TRANSPORTS FOOD
DNA
PROTEIN
DAFFODILS BY USING BULBS
HINGE JOINT
BACKWARDS AND FORWARDS ONLY
WHEN THE BICEPS CONTRACTS THE TRICEPS RELAXES
WHEN THE TRICEPS CONTRACTS THE BICEPS RELAXES.
BRINGS BLOOD TO THE KIDNEY
PRODUCES URINE
BRINGS BLOOD AWAY FROM KIDNEY
BRINGS URINE FROM KIDNEY
TO THE BLADDER
STORES URINE
RELEASES URINE OUT OF BODY
CARBON DIOXIDE
OXYGEN
• COVER A LEAF WITH ALUMINIUM
FOIL
• PLACE IN DARK FOR 48 HOURS
• PUT IN BRIGHT LIGHT FOR 8 HOURS
• REMOVE THE CHLOROPHYLL
FROM THE LEAF WITH BOILING
ALCOHOL
• ADD IODINE TO THE LEAF
• ONLY THE LEAF EXPOSED
TO THE LIGHT TURNS BLACK
WIND
ANTHER
OVULE/ OVARY
SEED FORMATION
AMYLASE
STARCH
MALTOSE
IODINE/ BENEDICT’S