Transcript power point

Anatomy
Tuesday, March 29, 2016
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Digestive system
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MOUTH: Food stuff are broken mechanically
by chewing and saliva is added as a
lubricant.
Esophagus: A simple conduit between the
mouth and stomach.
Stomach: Where the real action beginsenzymatic digestion of proteins initiated and
food reduced to liquid form.
Liver: The center of metabolic activity in the
body- its major role in the digestive process
is to provide bile salts to the small instestine,
which are critical for digestion and absorption
of fats
Pancreas: Important roles as both and
endocrine and exocrine organ- provides a
potent mixture of digestive enzymes to the
small intestine which are critical for digestion
of fats, carbohydrates and protein.
Small Intestine: This is where the final
stages of chemical enzymatic digestion occur
and where almost all nutrients are absorbed.
Large Intestine: water is a bsorbed,
baccterial fermentatation takes place and
feces are formed.
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Nasal Cavity: Air passing over the mucous membrane
of the nasal cavity is moistened, warmed, and filtered.
Pharynx: the pharynx, or throat, is located where
passages from the nose and mouth come together.
Epiglottis: The epiglottis is a flap of elastic tissue that
forms a lid over the opening to the trachea.
Larynx: The larynx, or voice box, is located between
the pharynx and the trachea.
Lungs: if one lobe is injured or diseased, the other
lobes may be able to function normally.
Bronchiole: Inside the lungs, the bronchi branch into
smaller tubes called the bronchioles.
Alveoli: At the ends of the bronchioles are bunches of
alveoli, air sacs, arranged like grapes on a stem.
Trachea:
From the larynx, air enters the trachea, or windpipe,
which leads toward the lungs.
Bronchi: The trachea divides into two tubes, bronchi.
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 The bladder is the muscular sac that
stores the urine until it is released
trough the urethra.
 The urethra is the tube that carries
semen and urine out of the penis.
 The two testicles produce sperm and
the male hormone testosterone.
 Uterus: the organ that houses and
nourishes the developing embrio and
fetus. The womb. Female
reproductive organ in which the
fertilized egg implants.
 Cervix: the lower neck of the uterus
that opens into the vagina.
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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What is the lymphatic system? The
lymphatic system is a system of thin
tubes that runs throughout the body.
These tubes are called 'lymph vessels'.
You may also hear them called 'lymphatic
vessels'. The lymphatic system is like
the blood circulation - the tubes branch
through all parts of the body like the
arteries and veins that carry blood.
Except that the lymphatic system carries
a colorless liquid called 'lymph'. ﾊ Lymph
is a clear fluid that circulates around the
body tissues. It contains a high number
of lymphocytes (white cells). Plasma
leaks out of the capillaries to surround
and bathe the body tissues. This then
drains into the lymph vessels.
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Nervous System
 The Nervous System is the most
complex and delicate of all the body
systems. At the centre of the nervous
system is the brain. The brain sends
and receives messages through a
network of nerves. This network can
be explained as similar to a road
network. The spinal cord is a thick
bundle of nerves which runs down the
centre of the spine. This is like a
freeway. Along the spinal cord smaller
bunches of nerves branch out. These
are like highways. From these bundles,
smaller bundles of nerves branch out
again. These are like main roads.
Finally, individual nerves branch out to
every part of the body. These are like
normal roads.
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Skeletal System
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Its 206 bones form a rigid framework to which the softer
tissues and organs of the body are attached. Vital organs
are protected by the skeletal system. The brain is
protected by the surrounding skull as the heart and lungs
are encased by the sternum and rib cage.Bodily movement
is carried out by the interaction of the muscular and
skeletal systems. For this reason, they are often grouped
together as the musculo-skeletal system. Muscles are
connected to bones by tendons. Bones are connected to
each other by ligaments. Where bones meet one another is
typically called a joint. Muscles which cause movement of
a joint are connected to two different bones and contract to
pull them together. An example would be the contraction of
the biceps and a relaxation of the triceps. This produces a
bend at the elbow. The contraction of the triceps and
relaxation of the biceps produces the effect of
straightening the arm.Blood cells are produced by the
marrow located in some bones. An average of 2.6 million
red blood cells are produced each second by the bone
marrow to replace those worn out and destroyed by the
liver. Bones serve as a storage area for minerals such as
calcium and phosphorus. When an excess is present in the
blood, buildup will occur within the bones. When the
supply of these minerals within the blood is low, it will be
withdrawn from the bones to replenish the supply.
Divisions of the Skeleton
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Muscular System
 Science Fact file･ Muscles are
bundles of cells and fibers.
Muscles work in a very simple
way. All they do is tighten up-that is, contract--and relax. You
have two sets of muscles
attached to many of your bones
which allow them to move.
There are 630 active muscles in
your body and they act in
groups.Muscles can only pull.
They never push.
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