Transcript The Body

The Body
What are body systems?
Body Systems-a group of organs
that work together to complete a
specific task in the body
Body Systems
Skeletal
Muscular
Digestive
Endocrine
Nervous
Excretory
Respiratory
Circulatory
Reproductive
Immune/Lymphatic
Skeletal System
Collection of bones
Skeletal functions:
Gives body shape
Provides support
Provides protection for
vital organs
Produces blood cells
As a child – 350 bones
Adult – 206 bones
Muscular system
Muscles main job is to
provide movement and
function.
3 types of muscles
Cardiac – muscle of the
heart.
Skeletal – muscles attach
to bone and provide
movement of the body.
More than 650 muscles
Smooth – Mostly in
internal organs and
digestive system
Voluntary and Involuntary
Muscles
Voluntary
Controlled by
YOU
Skeletal muscle
Connected to 2
bones
Work in pairs
Contract/Relax
from impulses
from nervous
system
Involuntary
Muscles work
without conscious
effort
Smooth and
Cardiac Muscle
Controlled by the
nervous system
Perform daily
functions to keep
you alive.
Digestive System
Series of organs which
digests food.
Digestion is the breakdown
of food into the smallest
parts.
Tracing the organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Food dissolved and
absorbed through the
walls to be used by body
Wastes are moved
through large intestine
and out of body
Endocrine System
A group of glands and
hormones that’s main job is to
regulate growth and
development.
Gland – group of cells that
gives off chemical messenger
Hormone: Chemical
messenger
Hypothalamus regulates the
pituitary gland. (switch)
The pituitary gland is the
“Master Gland”
Regulates all other glands
in system.
Respiratory System
Brings oxygen in and lets
carbon dioxide out of the
body
The diaphragm's job is to
help pump the carbon
dioxide out of the lungs
and pull the oxygen into
the lungs (like a vacuum).
As the diaphragm
contracts and relaxes,
breathing takes place.
contracts, oxygen is
pulled into the lungs.
relaxes, carbon dioxide
is pumped out of the
lungs.
Air flow
Mouth/nose
Trachea
2 Bronchi
(bronchitis)
Bronchial Tubes
Lungs
Alveoli (air filled sacs
that have capillaries)
Oxygen and Carbon
dioxide exchanged.
Oxygen to blood,
Carbon dioxide out
of the body
Circulatory System
Your body’s
internal transport
system which
moves blood
through the body
The four main
parts of the
system are the:
1) heart
2) arteries
3) capillaries
4) veins
Heart pumps
oxygenated blood to
body
Arteries: Blood flow
carries nutrients and
oxygen to body
tissues in arteries
Veins: Blood flow
carries waste
products back to
heart
Capillaries:
Exchange oxygen
and waste products
at body tissues
Nervous System
Body’s control center and
communications network.
Consists of the brain, spinal
cord, and nerves.
Brain acts as a central
computer.
Brain uses spinal cord and
nerves to send messages
back and forth to different
parts of the body.
EX. Message from hot stove
comes into the brain, the
brain sends a message
back to tell you to move
your hand.
Nervous System Components
Spinal Cord
The Brain
Weighs about 3
lbs
Sends messages
that governs body
functions
Has a part in
almost everything
your body does.
About 18 inches
long and ¾ inches
thick
Spans from base
of the brain down
the spine
Nerves
Branch off the
spinal cord
All shapes and
sizes
Relay messages
to specific places.
Excretory System
Definition: removes harmful wastes from your
body and maintains the body’s water and salt
balance
Parts: ureter (tube that carries urine from
kidneys to the bladder), bladder, and urethra
Kidneys: core organs
act as a filter
all of the blood in your body passes through the
kidneys
key players in the hydration (water) levels for your
body
The excretory system is a close partner with
both the circulatory and endocrine system.
Immune/Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System-a
network of vessels
that carry a clear fluid
called lymph
throughout the body
Lymph-the clear,
yellowish fluid that
leaks from capillaries,
fills the spaces
around the body’s
cells. Lymph
distributes immune
cells and other
factors throughout
the body.
Lymph Nodes and Spleen
Two main functions:
Maintenance of fluid
balance in the internal
environment.
Immunity
The lymph nodes
play an important
part in the body's
fight against
infection. They act
as a biological filter,
cleaning out
microorganisms
from the fluids that
pass through them.
The human
spleen is an
organ that
creates
lymphocytes for
the destruction
and recycling of
old red-blood
cells.
The spleen is
also the location
where white
blood cells trap
organisms.
Immune System
Leukocytes
A network of
tissues, organs,
and cells that
fight pathogens;
protection from
disease
Defense Team:
Leukocytes
Antigens
Phagocytes, cells
that chew up
invading
organisms
lymphocytes,
cells that allow
the body to
remember and
recognize
previous
invaders and help
the body destroy
them
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes are like
the body's military
intelligence system,
seeking out their
targets and sending
defenses to lock onto
them.
T cells are like the
soldiers, destroying
the invaders that the
intelligence system
has identified.
Antigens are foreign
substances that
invade the body
These cells trigger
the B lymphocytes to
produce antibodies
The T cells are part
of the system that
destroys antigens
that have been
tagged by antibodies
Reproductive System
A system of organs which work
together for the purpose of
reproduction.
MALE ORGANS: testes, penis,
seminal vesicles, prostate, and
urethra
FEMALE ORGANS: ovaries,
fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and
vulva.
The 5 Senses
Vision
Hearing
Balance
Smell & Taste
Touch
The Anatomy of the Eye
Your eyes respond to the stimulus of light. They
convert that stimulus into impulses that your brain
interprets.
Cornea- clear tissue that covers the front
of the eye
Pupil- the opening through which light
enters the eye
Iris- a circular structure that surrounds
the pupil and regulates the amount
of light entering the eye
Lens-flexible structure that focuses on
light
Retina- layer of receptor cells that lines
the back of the eye
Farsightedness/Nearsightedness
Farsightedness: is greater
difficulty seeing close up objects.
Nearsightedness: is the inability to
focus clearly upon distant objects.
Glasses, contact lenses, or
refractive surgery can all be used
to correct both problems.
Nearsightedness can be corrected
with the new Lasik surgery.