Transcript Living Things

Introduction to the Human Body
Introduction to
the Human Body:
The Skeletal
System
Introduction to the Human Body
What are all living things made of?
 All living things are made of CELLS!
(You have billions of cells inside you.)
 These cells have specialized jobs,
and are organized in your body.
For example, these red blood cells are
specially designed to carry oxygen
around your body in your blood.
Introduction to the Human Body
How are the cells organized?
 Complex living things are
organized into 5 levels.
 CELLS are the smallest unit.
They carry on the processes that
keep us alive.
Examples:
Red Blood Cells,
Muscle Cells,
Skin Cells
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM (BODY)
Introduction to the Human Body
Cells are organized into
TISSUES!
 A TISSUE is a group of similar
cells that all do the same thing
(they have the same function).
Examples:
Muscle Tissue (Muscles)
Nervous Tissue (Nerves)
Connective Tissue (Bones)
CELLS
TISSUES
Introduction to the Human Body
Tissues are organized into
ORGANS!
CELLS
 An ORGAN is a structure made
of different tissues. The organ
does a specific (complex) job.
TISSUES
ORGANS
Examples:
Heart
Stomach
Brain
Lungs
Introduction to the Human Body
Organs are organized into
ORGAN SYSTEMS!
CELLS
 An ORGAN SYSTEM is a group
of organs that work together to
perform a major job.
TISSUES
ORGANS
Examples:
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Skeletal System
ORGAN SYSTEM
Introduction to the Human Body
Introduction to the Human Body
Organ Systems are organized
into ORGANISMS!
 An ORGANISM is a living thing,
with organ systems that work
together to keep a body alive.
Examples:
Human Beings
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM (BODY)
Introduction to the Human Body
What is HOMEOSTASIS?
 HOMEOSTASIS is the process by
which YOUR BODY maintains an
INTERNAL BALANCE.
 It keeps your body STABLE in spite
of changes OUTSIDE YOUR BODY.
 Example: Your body maintains
A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE no
matter what the outside temperature.
Introduction to the Human Body
How does your body maintain HOMEOSTASIS?
 When you are TOO HOT, your body
SWEATS to keep you cool.
When you are TOO COLD, your body
SHIVERS to keep you warm.
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
What is a SKELETON?
 All the BONES in your BODY.
 Adults have about 206 bones.
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
What are the main
FUNCTIONS of a skeleton?
1) It provides SHAPE & SUPPORT.
2) It lets you MOVE.
3) It PROTECTS your ORGANS.
4) It produces BLOOD CELLS.
5) It STORES STUFF until your body
needs it.
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
What is a JOINT? Why are
they important?
 A JOINT is a place in the body
where TWO BONES COME
TOGETHER.
 JOINTS ALLOW
BONES TO MOVE
in different ways.
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
1) HINGE JOINT allows back-andforth movement (like the hinge
on a door).
 Examples: Knee, Elbow
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
2) BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT
allows wide-range of motion.
One bone with rounded end fits
into a “cup-like” shape on
another bone.
 Examples: Shoulder, Hip
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
3) PIVOT JOINT allows one bone
to rotate around another.
 Examples: Neck (can turn your
head from side-to-side.) Forearm
(can twist side-to-side).
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
What are the different TYPES of JOINTS?
4) GLIDING JOINT allows one
bone to slide over another.
 Examples: Wrists and Ankles
let you bend, flex.
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
Are bones ALIVE?
 YES! Your bones are complex LIVING
STRUCTURES that GROW AND DEVELOP.
 They have CELLS & TISSUES (blood and nerves).
Introduction to the Human Body - The Skeletal System
Are bones ALIVE?
 Bones are structured to be LIGHT and STRONG!
 Because they are alive, they can MEND, if you
BREAK ONE!