Transcript HUMAN BODY UNIT

HUMAN BODY UNIT
-Mrs. LeMay7th grade Science
of the
•Movement
•Stability
•Heat
Production
• Works in pairs:
– Contraction
(bunches)
– Relaxes (lengthens)
• Chemical impulses from
brain send message
• Burns ENERGY
Types of Muscles
TYPES of Muscles
Muscle cells have LOTS of
Mitochondria….why?
Problems/Diseases
Strains, tears, sprains
Damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments
Muscular Dystrophy
Weakening of muscles, genetic, no cure
Myasthemia gravis
Decreased impulses to the muscles.
Causes drooping, fatigue, and breathing
issues
ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)
Attacks motor neurons, no cure
Cerebral palsy
Brain damage has occurred, decrease in
physical abilities
Atrophy
When a muscle doesn’t get use and
shrinks
Fast Facts
How many?
Over 630 (you have 30 in your face!)
Busiest muscle?
Eyes- move 100, 000 x a day
Largest?
Gluteus maximus- (buttocks)
What are hiccups?
Diaphragmatic spasm
of the
•Structure
•Protection
•Make
Blood
Living tissue
Can repair
itself
Common Bone Fracture Types
Problems/Diseases
Scoliosis
Side to side curving of the spine
osteoporosis
Disease in the loss of bone tissue,
Bone loses calcium and may disappear
Leukemia
abnormal white blood cells multiply
Blood cancer
Spina bifida
Infants born where the spinal cord is
exposed. Genetics seems to play a role.
Arthritis/Osteoarthritis
Pain, stiffness and swelling in joints/
When the affected joint wears out
Polio
Serious infection caused by a virus.
Can lead to paralysis
Fast Facts
How many?
Born with 300
As grow bones fuse and 206 remain
Longest?
Thigh- it is ¼ your height
Human vs. giraffe
Same number of vertebrae in neck, just
the giraffes are MUCH longer.
Function of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Electrical
Network
• Carries O2 to
the body and
CO2 away
• 4 chambers
Arteries carry
Oxygenated
blood AWAY
from the heart.
Veins carry
Deoxygenated
blood to the
heart.
Flow of Blood
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Start at the heart (right side)
Sent to the lungs, where I
Pick up oxygen, drop CO 2
Now I turn RED,
Then I go back to the heart (left side), where I am
Sent to the body
Where I drop off oxygen, pick up CO 2
Now I turn Blue…
So I go back to the Heart….
Problems/Diseases
Cardiac Infarction
(Heart Attack)
blood flow to a part of your
heart is blocked long enough
that part of the heart muscle is
damaged or dies.
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Abnormalities of heart
rhythm
Hypertension
(High Blood Pressure)
Blood flow in arteries is
too high. (Heart works
too hard.)
Blood clot in brain that
causes brain death
Stroke
Fast Facts
How does it beat?
Electricity makes
the muscle cells
contract!
How fast?
Exercising – 10
seconds (blood from
heart to big toe and
back)
Average heart beats
100,000 times a day
How much?
Nervous System
Main Job:
• TWO PARTS:
• central nervous system
•
Why we need the BRAIN??
•
control
center
– brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system. • keeps the body
– Nerves from spine to
working smoothly
muscles/glands
• thoughts, feelings,
memory.
Brain
neuron
Diseases/Problems
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Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson's disease
multiple sclerosis
Stroke
Headaches
Bacterial or viral meningitis
Encephalitis
Hemorrhage
Fast Facts
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average adult human brain approx 3 pds
contains 100 billion nerve cells
trillions of "support cells" called glia.
right side brain works left side of body, and vice
versa.
• Nerve impulses as fast as 170 mph
• number of thoughts 70,000 day.
Function of the Digestive System
•Breaks down food into
tiny molecules that can
be reabsorbed into the
bloodstream and
distributed to cells.
Digestive System RAP
We start in the mouth
Where digestion begins
Chemical/mechanical together.
Now down the esophagus, Into the stomach
Where its chemical/mechanical again.
Next into the intestine, the first one is small
Where nutrients are reabsorbed.
Then off to the intestine, this time it’s large
Where water is reabsorbed
The rest moves through
(We call it #2)
And that’s the end of digestion
Ulcers
Holes are burnt into the
stomach lining by the gastric
juice overproduction; can be
stress induced.
Problems/Diseases
Lactose intolerance
Gastric Bypass
Diarrhea/
Constipation
Lacking enzyme Lactase
that breaks down
lactose
Restructuring the
digestive system for
weight loss
-too little/too much
water reabsorbed by
large intestine.
Where are we digested?
• Carbohydrates
mouth
saliva
• Proteins
stomach
gastric acid
• fats
• Water
small intestine pancreas/liver
large intestine
(absorbed)
Fast Facts
Peristalsis
How about all that
GAS?
Length?
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Allows us to eat
UPSIDE down
Most of us pass avg, about
600 ml/day.
Made of five gasses: O2,
CO2, nitrogen, hydrogen, &
Methane
6-7 meters
1.5 meters
The Respiratory System
•supply the blood with
oxygen
•to deliver oxygen to all
parts of the body
•Removal of Carbon
Dioxide
Problems/Diseases
Asthma
inflammation of bronchi
and bronchioles that
cause difficulty in
breathing/ wheezing
Bronchitis
inflammation of the lining
of your bronchial tubes
Choking (aspiration)
obstruction of the flow of
air into the lungs
inflammation of the lungs
caused by infection
Pneumonia
MORE…
pharyngitis
Inflammation of
pharynx (sore
throat)
Laryngitis
Inflammation of voice box
(loss of voice)
Fast Facts
Function of the urinary system
• Removal of liquid waste from the body
Urinalysis: test run on urine sample
• Protein= kidney disease
• Glucose= diabetes
• White Blood cells= urinary tract infection (UTI)