Transcript ch 42 clicker questions

CLICKER QUESTIONS
For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Chapter 42
Circulation and Gas Exchange
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
Questions prepared by
Ruth Buskirk
University of Texas at Austin
John Lepri
University of North Carolina, Greensboro
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
The fluid that moves around in the circulatory
system of a typical arthropod is
a) the intracellular fluid.
b) the interstitial fluid.
c) the blood plasma.
d) the digestive juices.
e) the cytosol.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Compared to other organisms with closed
circulatory systems, the open circulatory system
of insects
a) expends more energy to pump exchange materials.
b) exchanges CO2 and O2 directly with the environment.
c) independently regulates the distribution of exchange
material to each organ in the body.
d) is possible only in organisms with rigid exoskeletons.
e) allows fluids to move freely in and out of vessels.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
An adaptive advantage of having a threechambered heart, as found in amphibians, over
the two-chambered heart of fish is that
a) there are capillary beds in both the respiratory organ and body
systems of amphibians but not fish.
b) the additional chamber in the amphibian heart reduces blood
flow to the respiratory organ.
c) fully oxygenated blood returning to the amphibian heart can
undergo additional pumping to reach higher pressures.
d) fully oxygenated blood is kept completely separate from
relatively deoxygenated blood in the heart.
e) amphibians can tolerate higher environmental pressures.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
The normal contraction of specialized atrial
cells results from the activity of the _______,
and the simultaneous contraction of the left
and right atria is due to the ________.
a) autorhythmic pacemaker cells; autorhythmic pacemaker
cells
b) gap junctions; gap junctions
c) autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system
d) autorhythmic pacemaker cells; gap junctions
e) gap junctions; autorhythmic pacemaker cells
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
As in Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The
Tell-Tale Heart,” a heart can continue to beat
after it is removed from the body, because
a) pacemaker cells contract without input.
b) nerves in the heart fire without input.
c) hormones controlling heartbeat are released
spontaneously.
d) powerful ventricular contractions induce rebound
contractions.
e) pulsing of blood in the heart maintains the heartbeat.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fluid is filtered from blood as it enters a
capillary due to the______ , but fluid is
reabsorbed as the blood exits a capillary due
to the _______.
a) hydrostatic pressure from smooth muscle; cooler
temperatures in venous blood
b) osmotic pressure due to high levels of sodium in plasma but
not extracellular fluid; osmotic pressure due to reversed levels
of sodium in extracellular fluid but not plasma
c) hydrostatic pressure from the heart; osmotic pressure from
proteins in the plasma
d) osmotic pressure from salts; hydrostatic pressure from the
veins
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
In response to a period of abnormally low O2 in
circulating blood, the _______ secrete(s) the
hormone erythropoietin (EPO), thus stimulating
erythrocyte production in the _______.
a) kidneys; bone marrow
b) liver; spleen
c) anterior pituitary gland; liver
d) hypothalamus; thymus
e) pancreas; gall bladder
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Concurrent flow is not as efficient in exchange
as countercurrent flow because the latter
provides
a) more diffusion at the beginning of capillary flow than
midway through the capillary.
b) more diffusion at the end of capillary flow than midway
through the capillary.
c) adequate diffusion of gases across weaker concentration
gradients.
d) thinner capillary walls to promote diffusion.
e) greater surface area for diffusion.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
The exchange of CO2 and O2 across ________
is of only minor physiological importance to the
organismal homeostasis of metabolic gases.
a) frog skin
b) fish gill membranes
c) insect tracheal tubules
d) bird air sac membranes
e) human alveolar membranes
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fully oxygenated hemoglobin arriving in capillaries
near active muscles, where PO2 is about 40 mm Hg,
would likely “unload” ______ of its O2 at that point.
a) 10%
b) 30%
c) 50%
d) 70%
e) 90%
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
At PO2 of about 40 mm Hg, and under conditions of
increased acidity in the blood, the percent oxygen
saturation of hemoglobin will be closest to
a) 10%.
b) 30%.
c) 50%.
d) 70%.
e) 90%.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.