Transcript Respiratory Anatomy

Respiration Unit
1. What parts of the body are involved
in respiration?
2. How do we regulate our breathing
to maintain homeostasis?
3. How do we breathe, and how much
air can our lungs hold?
4. What can go wrong with our
respiratory system?
Start with what we know!
1. How does sugar get from a piece of pie to our muscle
cells?
2. What gas is used to break down sugar in cellular
respiration?
3. What gas is produced in cellular respiration?
4. What cells undergo cellular respiration?
5. How does gas get from this room to our muscle cells in
our stomach? (4 stages of respiration – page 244)
Start with what we know!
• Open textbook to page 243 and let’s read the first
paragraph together.
• With your neighbour – determine how this model
works to fill the lungs (balloons). Then see this!
• Would it work if the system was not airtight?
•
Can you match the parts of the balloon model to
structures in our body? Which ones?
Respiratory Anatomy
1. Nasal Cavity
• Air conditioner: warms/cools, humidifies, and
filters incoming air
• Location of olfactory sense organs
•Increased surface
area to exchange
heat and sense
odor chemicals.
•Tear glands
supply moisture to
incoming air
2. Pharynx (Throat)
• Muscular passageway lined with mucous
membrane (for extra cleaning)
• Extends from nasal cavity to the larynx and
esophagus
3. Larynx (“Adam’s Apple”)
• Cartilage, muscle, and ligament structure
• Contains the voice box
• Found between pharynx and trachea
For Your Information Only: Voice
• The vocal cords are two ligaments found in the
larynx that vibrate as air is forced from the lungs
to the pharynx.
• The length and tension of the cords change the
pitch of the sound (men have larger larynx or
“bigger drum” = lower pitch)
• Little inflammation causes lower-pitch
• Lots of inflammation will cause
loss of voice
4. Trachea (“windpipe”)
• 2-3cm diameter and 10-12cm long
• Lined with ciliated mucous membrane to catch
particles
• Reinforced with cartilage rings. These keep the
trachea open all of the time so that air can come in
easily
For your information - Tracheostomy
• Incision in trachea for temporary or permanent
breathing passage
• Reasons involve injury, infections, birth defects,
cancers, burns, obstructions
Check this out
5. Bronchi
• Cartilage rings prevent them from collapsing
• One primary bronchus branches off of trachea to
go to each lung
• Secondary bronchi transmit large volumes of air
rapidly within the lungs
• Only function is to conduct air flow
6. Bronchioles
• NO cartilage, made up of smooth muscle
• Slow down the rate of air flow
• Approximately the thickness of a human hair
• During spasms, the bronchioles can constrict
(blockage)
7. Alveoli
• Cluster of “grapes” covered by a capillary net and
kept clean by cilia
• Kept moist to allow gases to dissolve, which is a
necessary prerequisite for diffusion of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the lungs
• 300-600 million alveoli in lungs, which increases
surface area of the lungs 300x (25x greater than
that of your skin)
• Take a look!
For Your Information – Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Premature babies can die because the alveoli
in their lungs will not inflate (called RDS).
• The alveoli are lacking surfactant ( a type of
lipoprotein), a substance required to prevent
the sides of the alveoli from sticking to each
other when a person exhales.
8. Lungs
• Right is larger ( 3 lobes), left is smaller (2 lobes)
• Spongy (not muscular) tissue that is unable to
inflate and stand up on their own
• Covered by visceral pleura. The fluid-filled pleural
cavity lies between the visceral pleura and the
parietal pleura, which lines the thoracic cavity.
8. Lungs (continued)
• This fluid attachment allows breathing to take
place: the lungs stick to the inside of the chest,
and as the chest moves up and out (and the
diaphragm contracts), the lungs fill with air.
• The lungs ARE NOT ARE NOT ARE NOT empty
bags like balloons. They are spongy. The ONLY
STRUCTURE they may somewhat resemble a
balloon is the alveoli.
• Know see if you can ID parts on this lung!