Transcript Infection Control Universal Precautions

Infection Control
Universal Precautions
Immune/Lymphatic Systems
Disease Transmission
Disease Transmission
 Communicable
Diseasecontagious, spread from 1
person to another.
Disease Transmission

Communicable Disease- contagious,
spread from 1 person to another.
 Blood
borne transmissioncontact through blood or other
body fluids—HBV, HIV
Disease Transmission


Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1
person to another.
Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or
other body fluids—HBV, HIV
 Airborne
transmissionexposure to respiratory
droplets (cough, sneeze,
breath) colds, flu, TB
Disease Transmission



Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1
person to another.
Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or
other body fluids—HBV, HIV
Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets
(cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB
 Food/Water
borne (fecal/oral)eat or drink contaminated
substances- food poisoning,
some hepatitis viruses
Universal Precautions
 Treat
all pts as if they are
contaminated.
Universal Precautions

Treat all pts as if they are contaminated.
 Always
protect yourself, the
pt, and the surroundings.
Chain of infection
Pathogen
Pathogen
Reservoir
Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Transport
Pathogen
Reservoir
Entry Portal
Exit Portal
Transport
Pathogen
Host
Reservoir
Entry
Portal
Exit Portal
Transport
Chain of Infection Example
 Pathogen-
Flu
Chain of Infection Example

Pathogen- Flu
 Reservoir-
etc…
tissues, nose juice
Chain of Infection Example
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Pathogen- Flu
Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…
 Exit
portal- nose
Chain of Infection Example
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Pathogen- Flu
Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…
Exit portal- nose
 Transport-
saliva
sneeze, hands,
Chain of Infection Example
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Pathogen- Flu
Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…
Exit portal- nose
Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva
 Entry
portal- mucous
membranes
Chain of Infection Example
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Pathogen- Flu
Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…
Exit portal- nose
Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva
Entry portal- mucous membranes
 Host-
you
Common Portals of exit and entry
 Mucous
Membranes-nose,
mouth and eyes
Common Portals of exit and entry

Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
 Digestive
tract – eat the critter
Common Portals of exit and entry
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
Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
Digestive tract- eat the critter
 Respiratory
tract
Common Portals of exit and entry
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
Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
Digestive tract- eat the critter
Respiratory tract
 Open
wounds and skin lesions
Common Portals of exit and entry
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
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
Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
Digestive tract- eat the critter
Respiratory tract
Open wounds and skin lesions
 Hands
In order to stop the infection you
must……
 Break
the chain
How to break the chain
Pathogen-kill it—
 Reservoir- clean it up
 Exit portal- nose--control the portal
 Transport-sneeze—stay way from
 Entry portal- mucous membraneWash hands
 Host- you—be healthy---sleep, eat
right, exercise

How to break the chain cont.
 Wash
Hands
How to break the chain cont.
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Wash Hands
 Protect
you, the pt, and the
surrounding
How to break the chain cont.
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
Wash Hands
Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
 Intact
skin
How to break the chain cont.
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
Wash Hands
Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
Intact skin
 Healthy
and well rested
How to break the chain cont.
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Wash Hands
Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
Intact skin
Healthy and well rested
 Cover
wounds
How to break the chain cont.
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Wash Hands
Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
Intact skin
Healthy and well rested
Cover wounds
 Sterilize
Instruments
How to break the chain cont..
PPE’s – Personal Protection
Equipment
PPE’s – Personal Protection
Equipment
1.
Gloves
PPE’s – Personal Protection
Equipment
1.
Gloves
2.
Face shields/masks
PPE’s – Personal Protection
Equipment
2.
Gloves
Face shields/masks
3.
Eye protection
1.
PPE’s – Personal Protection
Equipment
3.
Gloves
Face shields/masks
Eye protection
4.
Scrubs
1.
2.
PPE’s – Personal Protection
Equipment
4.
Gloves
Face shields/masks
Eye protection
Scrubs
5.
gowns
1.
2.
3.
Growth requirements for Microbes
 Heat
Growth requirements for Microbes
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Heat
 Food
Growth requirements for Microbes
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Heat
Food
 Darkness
Growth requirements for Microbes
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Heat
Food
Darkness
 Moisture
Classification of Microbes
 Bacteria-strep
throat
virus
 FLU,
HIV
Fungus
 Athletes
foot
Yeast and Molds
 Thrush
Parasites

Tape worm, malaria
Signs and Symptoms of an
Infection
 Inflammation
swelling, pain
= red, heat,
Signs and Symptoms of an
Infection
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Inflammation=red, heat, swelling, pain
 Pus
Signs and Symptoms of an
Infection
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Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain
Pus
 fever
Signs and Symptoms of an
Infection
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Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain
Pus
Fever
 Growths
Signs and Symptoms of an
Infection
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Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain
Pus
Fever
Growths
 Body
reaction- seizures,
convulsion, organ shut down
Immune/Lymphatic System
 Controls
the body’s defense
system and garbage
(metabolic waste) system.
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System
 Function
Lymphatic System

Function
 Absorb
fat and fat soluble vitamins
Lymphatic System

Function
 Absorb
fat and fat soluble vitamins
(A,D,E,K), some vitamins dissolve in
fat, other vitamins dissolve in
water.
Lymphatic System

Function

Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
 Remove
and filter cellular
waste products and return
fluid into the circulatory
system.
Lymphatic System

Function

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Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
Remove and filter cellular waste products and
return fluid into the circulatory system
 Assists
the immune system.
Lymphatic System
 Structures
Lymphatic System
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Structures
 Lymph
fluid
Lymphatic System

Structures

Lymph fluid
 Lymph
glands—neck, axillary
and inguinal (groin area)—filters
Lymphatic System

Structures
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Lymph fluid
Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal
(groin area)—filters
 Spleen-
filter
Lymphatic System

Structures
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Lymph fluid
Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal
(groin area)—filters
Spleen- filter
 Lymph
vessels-carry the
lymph fluid
Immune System
Immune System
 Functions
Immune System
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Functions
 Protect
the body from
invading organisms
(pathogens, microbes)
Immune System

Functions

Protect the body from invading organisms
 Destroys
organisms that
have invaded.
Immune System
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Functions
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Protect the body from invading organisms
Destroys organisms that have invaded.
 Raise
body temperature to
kill microbes that are
temperature sensitive.
Immune System
 Structures
Immune System

Structures
 Uses
all other body systems,
organs and tissues.
Immune System

Structures

Uses all other body systems, organs and
tissues.
 Specialized
cells that eat,
puncture, or dissolve
microbes on contact
First lines of Defense
First lines of Defense
 Intact
Skin- not cuts, scrapes,
sores etc…
First lines of Defense

Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…
 Respiratory
System- nose hair,
mucous that traps
microbes/critters and gunk that is
breathed in.
First lines of Defense


Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…
Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous
that traps critters and gunk breathed in.
 Digestive
system- digestive
juices destroy microbes/critters
that may have been eaten.
First lines of Defense



Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…
Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous
that traps critters and gunk breathed in.
Digestive system- digestive juices destroy
critters that may have been eaten.
 Lymphatic
system
Immune System Response Factors
Immune System Response Factors
 Health-
stress.
sleep, diet, exercise and
Immune System Response Factors

Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
 Age-
The older we get, to about
Age 60 the more immunity we
have. Under the age of 5 and
above 60 y/o is when our immune
system is the weakest.
Immune System Response Factors


Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
Age- The older we get, to about Age 60
the more immunity we have.
 Heredity-
Genes and genetics
can determine your immune
system response.
Immune System Response Factors

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
Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
Age- The older we get, to about Age 60
the more immunity we have.
Heredity- Genes and genetics can
determine your immune system response.
 Opportunistic
Infection- pathogen
that would not usually infect, but
if host is weak, it will infect.
The Immune Reaction
The Immune Reaction
 Antigen-
any substance the body
regards as foreign.
The Immune Reaction

Antigen- any substance the body regards
as foreign.
 Antibody-
protein
a disease fighting
The Immune Reaction


Antigen- any substance the body regards
as foreign.
Antibody- a disease fighting protein
 Antibody
reaction
+ Antigen=immune
The Immune Reaction
 Most
of the time the immune
reaction is specific.
The Immune Reaction
 Most
of the time the immune
reaction is specific.
Antigen
A
Antibody A
The Immune Reaction
 Most
of the time the immune
reaction is specific.
Antigen
B
Antibody A
The Immune Reaction
 The
body creates new antibodies
for each new infection.
The Immune Reaction

The body creates new antibodies for each
new infection.
 The
body stores the new antibody
information for future use.
The Immune Reaction


The body creates new antibodies for each
new infection.
The body stores the new antibody
information for future use.
 In
some cases this reaction does
not work to well, as in the case of
dangerous viruses---HIV, EBOLA,
flesh eating bacteria, etc….
Misc Immune System Info
 Antibiotics
are for bacterial
infections, they are not effective
against viruses.
Misc Immune System Info
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Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
HIV destroys the immune systems by
killing the T-cells (immune cells) in
the body-a major player in organizing
the immune system attack. For this
reason AIDS pts dies from common
infections…cold/flu
Misc Immune System Info
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Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the bodies T-cells-a
major player in organizing the bodies immune system attack.
 An
Allergy is an over reaction of
your immune system to a
harmless antigen (allergen—
pollen, dust, foods). You can die
from a simple overreaction—
anaphylaxis=complete system
shut down.