Transcript Document

1. Homeostasis is often maintained
by feedback loops that involve
A. gastrulation.
B. feedback inhibition.
C. spontaneous generation.
D. equilibrium.
2. Animals respond to events in
their environments using
specialized cells called
A. muscle cells.
B. nerve cells.
C. gametes.
D. blood cells.
3. A characteristic that all animals
share is being
A. heterotrophic.
B. autotrophic.
C. prokaryotic.
D. anaerobic.
4. Excretion is a function of all
animals that involves
A. exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
B. transport of material from one
part of the body to another.
C. digestion and absorption of
food molecules.
D. removal of metabolic wastes.
5. One major trend in animal
evolution has been
A. the simplification of body
organ systems.
B. an increase in the degree of
cephalization.
C. a shift from bilateral
symmetry to radial symmetry.
D. disappearance of the blastula
stage in early development.
6. In sponges, a spike-shaped
structure made of chalklike calcium
carbonate or glasslike silica is a(an)
A. spicule.
B. archaeocyte.
C. choanocyte.
D. epidermal cell.
7. An immature stage of an organism
that looks different from the adult form
is a(an)
A. gemmule.
B. larva.
C. archaeocyte.
D. choanocyte.
8. Specialized cells that use flagella to
move water through the sponge are
A. gemmules.
B. pores.
C. spicules.
D. choanocytes.
9. Sponges are
A. detritivores.
B. carnivores.
C. filter feeders.
D. herbivores.
10. Sponges can reproduce
A. sexually only.
B. asexually only.
C. both sexually and asexually.
D. by metamorphosis.
11. The characteristic that defines
the cnidarians is
A. bilateral symmetry.
B. stinging cells.
C. a gastrovascular cavity.
D. cephalization.
12. Which of the following statements is
generally true of polyps and medusas?
A. Polyps are sessile, and medusas are
motile.
B. Polyps are motile, and medusas are
sessile.
C. Both polyps and medusas are
sessile.
D. Both polyps and medusas are
motile.
13. During the life cycle of Aurelia,
the zygote grows into a freeswimming
A. polyp.
B. larva.
C. medusa.
D. gemmule.
14. Cnidarians, such as the sea
anemone, move using
A. water currents.
B. an exoskeleton.
C. a hydrostatic skeleton.
D. an endoskeleton.
15. Groups of sensory cells that help
cnidarians determine the direction
of gravity are known as
A. nerve nets.
B. statocysts.
C. ocelli.
D. cnidocytes.
16. Flatworms are the simplest
animals to have
A. two germ layers.
B. bilateral symmetry.
C. radial symmetry.
D. two openings in the digestive
system.
17. An individual that has both
male and female reproductive
organs is known as a
A. turbellarian.
B. proglottid.
C. hermaphrodite.
D. parasite.
18. The function of flame cells in
flatworms is to
A. digest food and move it to
various parts of the body.
B. detect the presence of
chemicals in the surroundings.
C. remove excess water and
metabolic wastes.
D. move reproductive cells into
position for fertilization.
19. A flatworm that lacks a digestive
tract is the
A. planarian.
B. free-living flatworm.
C. tapeworm.
D. fluke.
20. Turbellarians (Planarians) differ
from most other flatworms
because they
A. live freely on land.
B. live freely in fresh and salt
water.
C. are marine parasites.
D. are land-dwelling parasites.
21. In roundworms, the body cavity
that forms between the endoderm
and mesoderm is the
A. ganglion.
B. hydrostatic skeleton.
C. pseudocoelom.
D. coelom.
22. All of the following are parasitic
roundworms EXCEPT
A. tapeworms
B. filarial worms
C. hookworms
D. ascarid worms
23. Characteristics of roundworms
include a digestive system with
A. one opening and a
pseudocoelom.
B. one opening but no
pseudocoelom.
C. two openings and a
pseudocoelom.
D. two openings but no
pseudocoelom.
24. Gas exchange and excretion of
metabolic wastes in roundworms
occurs
A.via a complex system of alveoli.
B. through their body walls.
C. through excretory tubules.
D. by flame cells.
25. The roundworms called ascarids
cause harm by
A. causing serious body swelling.
B. burrowing into body tissues
and causing pain.
C. causing malnutrition.
D. causing weakness and poor
growth.
26. In the earthworm, food is
absorbed in an organ called the
A. intestine.
B. crop.
C. gizzard.
D. clitellum.
27. Annelids differ from other
worm phyla because they have
A. segmented bodies and a true
coelom.
B. unsegmented bodies and a
pseudocoelom.
C. mesoderm and one opening in
the digestive system.
D. segmented bodies and one
opening in the digestive system.
28. How many major blood vessels
does an earthworm have?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. none
29. Ecologically, one of the most
beneficial functions of an earthworm
is to
A. providing food and habitats for
tropical fish.
B. sucking the blood of living
animals.
C. aerating and fertilizing the soil.
D. killing pest insects that inhabit the
soil.
30. In an earthworm, the thickened
bank of specialized segments used
in reproduction (secretes cocoon)
is the
A. nephridia.
B. gizzard.
C. clitellum.
D. seta.
31. The trochophore larva is a
characteristic that mollusks share
with
A. flatworms.
B. roundworms.
C. annelids.
D. flukes.
32. Water enters and leaves the
body of a bivalve through
A. a siphon.
B. cilia.
C. a coelom.
D. a nephridium.
33. The most active group of
mollusks is the
A. gastropods.
B. bivalves.
C. cephalopods.
D. shell-less gastropods.
34. Unlike the other mollusks,
cephalopods have a(an)
A. closed circulatory system.
B. ventral blood vessel.
C. open circulatory system.
D. dorsal blood vessel.
35. The body plan of almost all
mollusks includes all of the
following EXCEPT a
A. foot.
B. mantle.
C. shell.
D. radula.
36. The mouthparts of arthropods
are
A. similar in all species.
B. adapted to enable different
species to eat different foods.
C. adapted to enable different
species to respire in different
ways.
D. useful for locomotion as well as
feeding.
37. Arthropods have open circulatory
systems, which means that blood
A. leaves the blood vessels, flows
through sinuses, and then returns to
the heart.
B. flows from the heart directly into
sinuses and then returns to the heart.
C. never leaves the circulatory system.
D. vessels open to the external
environment.
38. Characteristics which define the
arthropods include
A. an endoskeleton made of chitin
and jointed appendages.
B. an endoskeleton made of chitin
and six pairs of appendages.
C. an exoskeleton made of chitin
and jointed appendages.
D. an exoskeleton made of chitin
and Malpighian tubules.
39. What type(s) of fertilization do
terrestrial arthropods have?
A. internal
B. external
C. both internal and external
D. hermaphroditic
40. What happens to the exoskeleton of
an arthropod as the animal grows?
A. It remains soft until the animal
reaches adulthood.
B. It develops additional body
segments.
C. It softens and stretches to a larger
size.
D. It is discarded and replaced by a
new, larger exoskeleton.
41. The two main groups of
chelicerates are
A. spiders and scorpions.
B. horseshoe crabs and spiders.
C. horseshoe crabs and
arachnids.
D. arachnids and insects.
42. Insects are part of the group
A. crustaceans.
B. uniramians.
C. chelicerates.
D. diplopods.
43. Most mites and ticks are
A. parasites.
B. predators.
C. herbivores.
D. detritivores.
44. Which of the following is NOT a
typical crustacean characteristic?
A. either two or three body
segments
B. chewing mouthparts called
mandibles
C. chelicerae that paralyze prey
D. two pairs of antennae
45. Spiders are considered
arachnids because they have
A. two major body segments and
six legs.
B. three major body segments
and eight legs.
C. two major body segments and
eight legs.
D. three major body segments
and six legs.
46. How many body parts do
insects have?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
47. Which group contains the
most species?
A. vertebrates
B. nonvertebrate invertebrates
C. noninsect arthropods
D. insects
48. Characteristics shared by
typical insects include
A. six walking legs and one pair
of wings.
B. six walking legs and two pairs
of wings.
C. eight walking legs and one pair
of wings.
D. eight walking legs and two
pairs of wings.
49. The immature form of an insect
that undergoes incomplete
metamorphosis is called a(n)
A. larva.
B. nymph.
C. pupa.
D. embryo.
50. Which of the following species
form complex societies?
A. butterflies
B. ants
C. locusts
D. flies
51. The body plan of echinoderms is
unusual in that adult echinoderms
A. lack cephalization.
B. lack a nervous system.
C. lack cephalization and cannot
move.
D. lack radial symmetry.
52. The larvae of echinoderms are
A. not symmetrical.
B. radially symmetrical.
C. bilaterally symmetrical.
D. spherically symmetrical.
53. The water vascular system of
echinoderms opens to the
environment through the
A. tube feet.
B. siphon.
C. madreporite.
D. mouth.
54. The crown-of-thorns sea star is
a major threat to
A. marine algae.
B. coral reefs.
C. sea cucumbers.
D. bottom-dwelling fish.
55. All of the following are
echinoderms EXCEPT
A. sea stars.
B. horseshoe crabs.
C. sea cucumbers.
D. sand dollars and sea urchins.
56. According to the most recent studies
of animal fossils, which of the following is
correct?
A. Annelids with a true coelom appeared
before cnidarians with two germ
layers.
B. Radial symmetry appears in
cnidarians and adult echinoderms.
C. Protostome development appears
after deuterostome development.
D. Bilateral symmetry appears before
tissues.
57. Acoelomates lack
A. tissues.
B. a coelom.
C. bilateral symmetry.
D. specialized cells.
58. Worms, mollusks, and
arthropods exhibit
A. bilateral symmetry.
B. radial symmetry.
C. no internal specialization.
D. similar larval forms.
59. In most invertebrates, the
zygote divides repeatedly to form a
A. coelom.
B. digestive tract.
C. blastula.
D. mesoderm.
60. The animal group that has no
germ layers, body symmetry,
cephalization, or coelom is the
A. flatworms.
B. annelids.
C. sponges.
D. cnidarians.
61. Flatworms eliminate excess
water using a network of
A. flame cells.
B. Malpighian tubules.
C. nephridia.
D. madrepores.
62. A hydrostatic skeleton is found
in the
A. annelids.
B. echinoderms.
C. arthropods.
D. insects.
63. Complex animals break down
food using
A. intracellular digestion.
B. extracellular digestion.
C. intracellular digestion and
extracellular digestion.
D. digestion outside of the body.
64. Which structures are involved in
gas exchange in one or more
groups of invertebrates?
A. ganglia, brain, and nerve cells
B. gills, book lung, skin, and
tracheal tubes
C. nephridia, flame cells, and
nephrostomes
D. pharynx, crop, and intestine
65. Which groups have only one
entrance and exit point to the
digestive system?
A. annelids and echinoderms
B. arthropods and roundworms
C. mollusks and sponges
D. flatworms and cnidarians
66. A characteristic of most, but not
all, chordates is
A. pharyngeal pouches.
B. a backbone.
C. a hollow nerve cord.
D. a tail that extends beyond the
anus.
67. In vertebrates, the developing
backbone replaces the
A. pharyngeal pouches.
B. hollow nerve cord.
C. notochord.
D. siphon and tunic.
68. Due to their development, to
which group of vertebrates are
tunicates most closely related?
A. amphibians
B. fishes
C. reptiles
D. mammals
69. An animal that retains a
notochord as an adult is a
A. tunicate.
B. lancelet.
C. fish.
D. reptile.
70. In the lancelet, the pharynx and
gill slits are used for
A. feeding and gas exchange.
B. reproduction and excretion.
C. circulation and sensory
detection.
D. movement and digestion.
71. A characteristic of almost all
fish is
A. a notocord as an adult.
B. the presence of scales.
C. a skeleton made of cartilage.
D. the lack of jaws.
72. Fishes whose eggs hatch outside
the mother’s body are
A. ovoviviparous.
B. oviparous.
C. viviparous.
D. parous.
73. Salmon are anadromous fishes
that
A. spend their lives in the sea.
B. spend their lives in rivers or
streams.
C. migrate to the sea in order to
spawn.
D. migrate to rivers and streams
to spawn.
74. An example of a fish that is a
filter feeder as a larva and a
parasite as an adult is a
A. shark.
B. skate.
C. lamprey.
D. lungfish.
75. Most members of the class
containing sharks and rays are
characterized by
A. a cartilaginous skeleton.
B. a bony skeleton.
C. a single operculum over the
gills.
D. no swim bladder.
76. The word amphibian refers to
the ability to
A. live in hot climates.
B. live in wet places.
C. live both in water and on land.
D. live in cold and hot climates.
77. In a larval amphibian, gas
exchange occurs through
A. the skin only.
B. both the skin and the gills.
C. the gills only.
D. a lung.
78. The tympanic membrane in a
frog enables it to
A. hear.
B. see.
C. smell.
D. taste.
79. Which of the following is a
group of amphibians living on the
Earth today?
A. crocodiles
B. snakes
C. salamanders
D. lizards
80. Most reptiles reproduce with
A. external fertilization and external
development.
B. internal fertilization and internal
development.
C. internal fertilization and external
development in water.
D. internal fertilization and external
development in leathery-shelled
eggs.
81. The yolk sac of a reptile egg
functions as a
A. membrane that exchanges oxygen
and carbon dioxide for the embryo.
B. membrane that stores wastes
produced by the embryo.
C. source of nutrient-rich food for the
developing embryo.
D. shock-absorbing fluid-filled sac
protecting the embryo.
82. Reptiles are
A.
ectotherms.
B.
endotherms.
83. Reptiles with the most welldeveloped hearts include
A. turtles and alligators.
B. crocodiles and turtles.
C. crocodiles and alligators.
D. alligators and lizards.
84. A bird with a short, thick bill
probably eats
A. fish.
B. seeds.
C. insects.
D. fleshy fruit.
85. Archaeopteryx has
characteristics of both
A. modern birds and ancient
birds.
B. amphibians and reptiles.
C. reptiles and modern birds.
D. amphibians and modern
birds.
86. Which of the following bird
adaptations is NOT associated
with flight?
A. bones with many hollow air
spaces
B. air sacs in addition to lungs
C. gizzard
D. contour feathers
87. The largest order of birds is
the
A. perching birds.
B. birds of prey.
C. pelicans and relatives.
D. penguins.
88. Which of the following birds
assists in pollinating flowering
plants?
A. pelican
B. hummingbird
C. raptor
D. heron
89. One characteristic commonly
used to determine whether fossils
are mammals is
A. subcutaneous fat.
B. mammary glands.
C. a jaw joint that allows
movement from side to side.
D. hair or fur.
90. How many chambers do
mammalian hearts have?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
91. Mammals are called endotherms
because they
A. produce milk to nourish their
young.
B. have well-developed sense
organs.
C. have powerful jaws and
specialized teeth.
D. generate their body heat
internally.
92. The first true mammals appeared in
the fossil record
A. soon after the extinction of the
dinosaurs.
B. about the same time as the first
reptiles.
C. during the Triassic when dinosaurs
were the dominant land animals.
D. long after the extinction of the
dinosaurs.
93. The duration of parental care in
mammals
A. varies among different species.
B. is one to four weeks.
C. is six months to a year.
D. is intermediate compared to
reptiles.
94. Most mammals are
A. monotremes.
B. marsupials.
C. placental mammals.
D. placental marsupials.
95. Monotremes are the only group
of mammals that
A. lay eggs
B. have hair.
C. feed their young with milk.
D. are endotherms.
96. Rabbits belong to an order of
mammals called the
A. cetaceans.
B. lagomorphs.
C. proboscideans.
D. chiroptera.
97. Ant-eating mammals on
different continents look similar to
each other because they are all
A. a result of divergent evolution.
B. adapted to similar ecological
opportunities.
C. recently evolved from a
common ancestor.
D. evolved from an ant-eating
reptile.
98. What is the function of the
placenta?
A. production of milk
B. exchange of materials
between fetus and mother
C. digestion of food
D. protection of a young
mammal after birth
99. Species that are similar in
appearance and behavior but are
not closely related are sometimes
the result of
A. convergent evolution.
B. adaptive diversity.
C. divergent evolution.
D. disruptive selection.
100. In some chordates, pharyngeal
pouches develop into
A. paired skeletal muscles.
B. wings.
C. paired appendages.
D. gills.
101. The largest group of chordates
is the
A. mammals.
B. fishes.
C. birds.
D. reptiles.
102. In the current understanding
of the evolution of the chordates,
which of the following appeared
most recently?
A. jaws and paired appendages
B. lungs
C. endothermy
D. vertebrae
103. The control of body
temperature is important for
A. maintaining homeostasis.
B. marking a territory.
C. eliminating wastes.
D. delivering oxygen to cells.
104. Of the following animals,
which can maintain a constant
internal temperature?
A. shark
B. elephant
C. desert lizard
D. frog
105. Lizards often bask in the sun
because they are
A. chordates.
B. ectotherms.
C. endotherms.
D. slow moving.
106. Animals that do not rely on
their surroundings to gain or lose
body heat are
A. fish.
B. endotherms.
C. ectotherms.
D. amphibians.
107. One disadvantage endotherms have
compared to ectotherms is that
A. endotherms cannot stay warm in
cold weather.
B. far more food is required to
maintain constant temperature.
C. endotherms are more limited in
the habitats they can occupy.
D. endotherms cannot live in the
ocean where the water is too cold.
108. In mammals, the lungs branch
extensively, and their entire
volume is filled with thousands of
bubblelike structures called
A. trachea.
B. gills.
C. alveoli.
D. air sacs.
109. In vertebrates, excretion is
carried out mostly by the
A. pancreas.
B. kidneys.
C. liver.
D. intestine.
110. As you move from fish to
mammal, there is an increase in
the size of the cerebrum and
A. spinal cord.
B. cerebellum.
C. medulla.
D. ganglia.
111. Which of the following groups
of organisms is arranged in order
of 2-chambered, 3-chambered, and
4-chambered heart?
A. whale, salamander, fish
B. fish, adult frog, elephant
C. adult frog, fish, human
D. bat, fish, adult frog
112. Which of the following
vertebrate groups provides most
care to its young?
A. fishes
B. amphibians
C. reptiles
D. mammals
113. Change in an animal's
behavior as a result of experience
is called
A. stimulus.
B. learning.
C. response.
D. reflex.
114. When a spider builds a web,
it displays
A. learned behavior.
B. innate behavior.
C. habituation.
D. insight learning.
115. Ivan Pavlov's training of a dog
to salivate in response to a ringing
bell is known as
A. habituation.
B. imprinting.
C. classical conditioning.
D. stimulus.
116. The process in which young
animals learn to recognize and
follow the first moving object they
see is called
A. insight learning.
B. habituation.
C. imprinting.
D. classical conditioning.
117. Habituation helps animals
survive because it
A. helps animals find food.
B. enables animals to escape
predators.
C. enables animals to recognize
members of their own species.
D. helps animals avoid wasting
time and energy.
118. Two examples of seasonal
behavior are
A. aggression and dormancy.
B. migration and dormancy.
C. migration and
communication.
D. migration and circadian
rhythm.
119. Which of the following is NOT
an advantage of living in an
animal society?
A. protection from predators.
B. protection of young.
C. improved ability to hunt.
D. elimination of competition.
120. An animal that communicates
by changing color probably has
A. good hearing.
B. a complex courtship ritual.
C. good eyesight.
D. language.
121. Many animals establish territories,
which function as
A. spaces where no other member of
the species may enter.
B. a defended area containing the
resources necessary for survival.
C. areas where members of all other
animal species are kept out.
D. areas where all members of a
species may hunt for food.
122. A pheromone is a chemical substance
A. made in the brain to trigger a specific
behavior.
B. made by one species to communicate
with animals of another species.
C. made by one animal and used to
communicate with another animal of the
same species.
D. used only to initiate reproductive
behavior in animals.