Transcript Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Animal Tissues and Organ
Systems
Bio 100
Tri-County Technical College
Pendleton, S. C.
Human Body Organization
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Hierarchy of organization
Humans are composed of systems
Systems are composed of organs
Organs are composed of tissues
Tissues are composed of cells
Cells are composed of atoms and molecules
Human Body Tissues
• Four categories
–epithelial
–connective
–muscular
–nervous
Epithelial Tissues
• Functions
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protection
absorption
filtration
secretion
Connective Tissue
• Connects the body
parts.
• Some examples
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bone
tendons
blood
ligaments
cartilage
Muscular Tissue
• Contract, or shorten,
to produce movement
• Types
– skeletal
– smooth
– cardiac
Kinds of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal muscle tissue
– found attached to bones
– voluntary muscle
• Smooth muscle tissue
– blood vessels, GI tract
– involuntary muscle
• Cardiac muscle
– heart
Nervous Tissue
• Irritability
– responds to stimuli
• Conductivity
– conducts nerve
impulses over
distances of the body
• Makes up brain, spinal
cord, and nerves
The Human Systems
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Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
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Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Integumentary System
• forms external body
covering
• protects deeper tissues from
injury
• synthesizes vit. D
• location of cutaneous
receptors, sweat and oil
glands
Skeletal System
• protects and
supports
• provides framework
for muscles to cause
movement
• blood cell formation
• mineral storage
Muscular System
• allows manipulation of
the environment
• locomotion
• facial expression
• maintains posture
• produces heat
Nervous System
• fast acting control
system
• responds by
activating the
appropriate muscles
and glands
Endocrine System
• made up of glands
• glands secrete
hormones that
regulate processes
such as growth,
reproduction, and
nutrient use by body
cells
Cardiovascular System
• blood vessels
transport blood
which carries
oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients,
wastes, etc.
• the heart pumps
blood
Lymphatic System
• picks up fluid leaked
from blood vessels and
returns it to the blood
• disposes of debris in
the lymphatic stream
• houses whit blood cells
involved in immunity
Respiratory System
• constantly supplies
blood with oxygen
and removes carbon
dioxide
• gaseous exchange
occur through the
walls of the air sacs
of the lungs
Digestive System
• breaks down food
into absorbable units
that enter the blood
for distribution to
body cells
• eliminates
undigestible food as
feces
Urinary System
• eliminates
nitrogenous
wastes
• regulates water,
electrolyte, and
acid-base balance
of the blood
Reproductive Systems
• production of offspring
• testes produce sperm and male sex hormone
• ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable
sperm to female reproductive tract
• ovaries produce eggs and female sex
hormones
• remaining female
structures serve as
sites for
fertilization and
development of
the fetus
• mammary glands
of female breasts
produce milk to
nourish the
newborn
Major Organs in Each System
• Integumentary system
– skin
– cutaneous receptors
– sweat and oil glands
• Skeletal System
– cartilages
– joints
– bones
• Muscular system
– skeletal muscles
– smooth muscle
– cardiac muscle
• Nervous system
– brain
– spinal cord
– nerves
• Endocrine system
– glands that secrete directly into the interstitial
fluid
• Cardiovascular system
– heart
– blood vessels
• Lymphatic system
– lymphatic vessels
– lymph nodes
– thoracic duct
• Respiratory system
– pharynx, trachea
– bronchus and lungs
• Digestive system
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esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
• Urinary system
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kidneys
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
• Male reproductive system
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testis
vas deferens
penis
scrotum
• Female reproductive system
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ovaries
uterus and uterine tubes
vagina
mammary glands