Transcript Breathing - Junior Cert Science

The Seven Activities of Living Things are
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity,
Growth, Reproduction, Excretion &
Nutrition.
If you remember that someone has an auntie called
MRS GREN you will be able to remember all seven
activities.
M= Movement G= Growth
R= Respiration R= Reproduction
S= Sensitivity E= Excretion
N= Nutrition
Where do we get the energy to do
things like this???
Where do we get the energy to do
things like this???
Respiration
Respiration is how we release of
energy from food
Respiration takes place in animal and
plant cells.
There are two types of Respiration:
One that needs Oxygen (and gives more
energy) and one that doesn’t need
oxygen (gives less energy).
Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration requires both Food
and Oxygen.
Aerobic Respiration produces:
• Energy,
• Carbon Dioxide,
• Water.
Types of Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration requires just Food
(No Oxygen).
Anaerobic Respiration produces:
• Energy (not as much),
• Carbon Dioxide,
• Lactic Acid or Alcohol.
food
oxygen
breathing
system
digestive
system
BLOOD
Respiration
• Respiration occurs in
the cells of the body.
• Respiration is an energy
conversion where the
chemical energy in food
is changed into other
forms of energy.
Energy-making process
Therefore, the raw materials for the energy-making
process eventually arrive at the body cells.
This energy-making process is known as...
RESPIRATION
Each living cell is supplied with food and oxygen in
order to generate energy.
capillary
blood
oxygen
+
food
muscle cell
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© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Respiration
Gren (The 7
A while ago we learnt about Mrs
___ ______
Characteristics of Living Things). Each of these life
Respiration is the process
processes needs ENERGY. ___________
our bodies use to produce this energy:
Glucose + oxygen
water + carbon dioxide + ENERGY
food and the oxygen
The glucose we need comes from ______
breathing Water and carbon dioxide are breathed
from _________.
energy
out. The MAIN product of this equation is _________.
Words – breathing, energy, Mrs Gren, respiration, food
Breathing
Respiration
What we need to do…
1. Explore the Respiratory System
2. Understand the Mechanism of
Breathing
The Respiratory System
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Ribs – to protect
the chest
Alveoli (“air sacs”)
– gas exchange
takes place here
Trachea – has stiff
rings of cartilage to
prevent it collapsing
Rib muscles –
to raise and
lower the ribs
Lung
Diaphragm –
muscular
sheet
Our Amazing Lungs!
Assuming 15 breaths per
minute…….
1 Day…… 21,600 breaths
1 Year….. 7,884,000 breaths
75 years ……591,300,000 breaths!
Gas Exchange
Air breathed in
0.03%
21%
Air breathed out
Oxygen
3%
18%
Nitrogen
79%
Carbon
dioxide
79%
Gas Exchange
Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because…
1) They have a LARGE surface area
2) They have a good blood supply
3) They are moist
Exhaling
Diaphragm relaxes
and air is pushed
back upwards
The Ribcage moves
DOWNWARDS and
INWARDS, and the
diaphragm MOVES
UPWARDS
(Relaxes). This
reduces the volume
of the lungs, and air
moves out.
Inhaling
Diaphragm
Flattens
The Ribcage moves
UPWARDS and
OUTWARDS, and the
diaphragm (MOVES
DOWN) FLATTENS.
This increases the
volume of the lungs,
and air moves in.
Breathing
Respiration
Harmful Activities….
What we need to know…
• Tar from smoke causes cancer
• Carbon monoxide from smoking
causes there to be less oxygen in the
blood.
Smoking
• Tar…coats the linings of lungs
and causes cancer.
• Nicotine…is addictive and
…raises heart beat to cause
high blood pressure which gives
you heart disease.
Smoke…irritates airway.
Match up the words with their description
Carbon monoxide
Addictive and causes
the heart beat to rise
Tar
Lowers levels of
Oxygen in the blood
Nicotine
Causes cancer
Smoking Experiment
Smoking Facts