Transcript Graphic Organisers

Graphic Organisers
Teachers’ exemplars – Science
These science exemplars are a companion to the Graphic Organisers resource book available at www.slss.ie
Water treatment
clean water
FLOURIDATION
CHLORINATION
FILTERING
SETTLING
SCREENING
dirty water
Plant reproduction
germination
dormancy
dispersal
Seed & fruit
formation
fertilisation
pollination
Titration – preparing burette
remove funnel
check at eye level
using white sheet
of paper
bring meniscus to line
using a dropper
fill tap at bottom of
burette
re-fill with solution
using funnel
rinse with solution
to be used
rinse through funnel
with deionised water
clamp burette
vertically with funnel
in place
Stages in digestion
egestion
assimilation
absorption
digestion
ingestion
Organisation levels
organism
systems
organs
tissues
cells
molecules
Scientific method
present
analyse
carry out
devise
experiment
health &
safety
observe
problem
Science
Alimentary Canal
mouth
caecum
colon
oesophagus
ileum
rectum
stomach
duodenum
anus
Biology – food passing through the digestive system
Microscopic study of plant cells
what to do, and why
Science, Biology
Chemistry
Quark
model
radiation
alpha
and
beta
atom
alchemy
sub-atomic
particles in
nucleus
Growing bacteria on agar plates
Incubate
Invert
Lift lid
slightly
Source of
bacteria
Streak
plate
Replace
lid, seal,
label
Making Oxygen Gas
To
collect
gas
Use
H2O2
and
MnO2
Source
of O2
Catalyst
To
make
O2
To
release
O2
To
do
test
Photosynthesis
sunlight
carbon dioxide
water
photosynthesis
Rates of reaction
particle size
nature of
reactants
temperature
catatyst
Rate of reaction
L.C. Physics
magnetic
field
force
Preparation of oxygen gas
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
MnO2 manganese dioxide
beehive shelf
trough of water
collecting jars
tap funnel
tubing
oxygen gas
7 characteristics of living things
movement
feeding reproduction
sensitivity
respiration
growth
life
Excretion in the Kidney
salts
water
UREA
hormones
H2
urine
7 characteristics of living things
reproduction
movement
nutrition
all these
activities create
toxic waste
excretion
which must be
released
growth
If it has all
these – its
alive!!
response
respiration
Organic chemistry
carboxylic
acids
aldehydes
O
=O
C
ethanol + H2SO4
-anoic acid
ethanoic acid
flavourings
making soap
C
-anoate
R
esters
methane
heating fuel
cutting,
welding
solvents
propan-2-ol +
-anone
C-C-C
=
O
-ane
H2O + CaC2
perfumes,
fruit
vinegar
C-C
C C
-yne
-anal
OH
alkanes
alkynes
O
ketones
plastics
beers, spirits
ethanol
-anol
-OH
alcohols
aluminium oxide
and alcohol
Al2O3 + C2H5OH
-ene
C=C
alkenes
organic
organic
compounds
compounds
Systems & organs of the human
digestive
excretory
some
human
body
systems
respiratory
circulatory
Human Nutrition
carbohydrate
fats
CHO
bread, pasta
CHO
CHON
oils, butter
eggs, meat
energy storage
energy
starch = iodine test
deficiency = lack of energy
deficiency = constipation
aids peristalsis
bran, fruit
growth & repair
brown paper test
glucose = Benedict’s test
water
proteins
molecules =
3 fatty acids:1 glycerol
deficiency = scurvy
connective tissue
in citrus fruits
NaOH & CuSO4
amino acids
def = stunted growth
deficiency = anaemia
haemoglobin
red meat
cellulose
eg VIT C
eg Fe
fibre
vitamins
minerals
Food &
nutrition
Atomic Structure
Sub-atomic particles
Periodic table
Böhr Diagram
atomic no.
shells
mass no.
neutron
Electronic configuration
group
electron
proton
atoms
“BAT” STAIRCASE
Nuclear formula
valency
structure
charges
molecules
valency
covalent
empty space
shells
nucleus
ionic
Bonding
ions
Neutron = neutral
Electron = negative
Proton = positive
Location
Charges
Atomic
Structure
Ecology key terms
environmental factors
animals
plants
temperature
light
qualitative
quantitative:
% cover
wind
% frequency
pie charts
bar charts
Ecology
Field work
results
thermometer
light meter
anemometer
tools
quadrat
pooter
pitfall trap
line transect
beating tray
tools
tools
Radioactivity...
nuclear reactor
fuel
uses
type
medical imaging
moderator
alpha
medical therapy
fuel rods
beta
carbon dating
gamma
heat exchanger food irradiation
radioactivity
burns
clothing
shielding
use tongs
don’t eat or drink
don’t smoke
precautions
leukaemia
genetic defects
cataracts
death
hazards
What we look for on the microscope
clips
lens
light
fine
stage
objective
nosepiece
coarse
light
microscope
focus
wheel
What we need to remember about light
lens
sun,
star
mirror
light
fine
eye
reflection
microscope
transparent
eclipse
7
colours
refraction
periscope
light
Human Hormones
LH
FSH
oestrogen
oxytocin
adrenaline
thyroxine
insulin
progesterone
prolactin
endocrine
system
growth
hormone
What we need to remember about light
lens
sun,
star
mirror
light
fine
eye
reflection
microscope
transparent
eclipse
7
colours
refraction
periscope
light
Separation techniques
Criteria
Topic
What ?
Apparatus
Sample
Draw the
substances diagram
Filtration
Insoluble solid
from liquid
Funnel, filter
paper, beaker,
flask
Sand from
water
Evaporation
Soluble solid
from liquid
Bunsen ,
tripod, gauze,
beaker,
evaporating
dish
Salt from water
Distillation
Soluble solid
from liquid; two
liquids of
different BP
Condenser,
bunsen,
clamps, flask,
beaker, stand
Dye from wine,
coke
Chromatography
Dyes with
different
solubilities
from liquid
Chromatography paper,
jar, ink,
dropper, pencil
Dyes from
black marker
State
result
Cross Classification – blood cells
criteria
cells
red
white
platelet
source
function
no/mm3
shape
name
Cross Classification – blood vessels
criteria
vessels
artery
vein
capillary
function
pressure
wall
valves
lumen
Cell structures – animal & plant
chloroplast
cell wall
vacuole
PLANT
CELL
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
nuclear
membrane
nuclear pores
nucleolus
DNA
mitochondrion
ribosomes
centriole
ANIMAL
CELL
Comparing forms of energy
Dangerous
waste
Cheap
Large supply
NUCLEAR
No waste
Renewable
WIND
Bonding
Shared
Given & taken
Charged
particles =
ions
LHS&RHS of
periodic table
IONIC
Crystals,
solids
Electrons
involved
Holds particles
together
No charged
particles
Centre of
periodic
table
Molecules
Liquids &
gases
COVALENT
gases: oxygen v. carbon dioxide
use H2O2 +
MnO2 to make
use HCl +
CaCO3 to make
relights a
glowing splint
needed by all
living things
for respiration
OXYGEN
GAS
released by
plants in
photosynthesis
turns limewater
milky
transparent
found in air
needed by plants
for
photosynthesis
released by all
living things in
respiration
CARBON
DIOXIDE
GAS
Endocrine system: male v. female
adrenals
adrenaline
ovaries
oestrogen
progesterone
pituitary
oxytocin
FEMALE
pituitary
hormones: growth,
lutenising, antidiuretic,
follicle stimulating
testes
testosterone
thyroid
thyroxine
parathyroids
parathormone
pancreas
insulin
MALE
RNA v. DNA
single strand
ribose
found in
nucleus
deoxyribose
uracil
found in
cytoplasm
and in
ribsosome
RNA
double strand
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
does not
leave
nucleus
DNA
mitosis v. meiosis
2 daughter
cells
single cycle
of division
identical
daughter
cells
MITOSIS
cell division
require energy
“reduction
division”
two cycles of
division
4 daughter
cells
non-identical
daughter
cells
MEIOSIS
Photosynthesis v. Respiration
only in
plant cells
chloroplast
CO2 in, O2
out
makes
glucose
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
part of the cycles
of nature
all living things
take place in cells
mitochondrion
takes place in
stages
O2 in CO2 out
breaks down
RESPIRATION
glucose
Control systems: nervous v. endocrine
rapid
response
response
usually slower
short lived
response
longer-lasting
response
electrical
impulse via
neurons
CNS + PNS
connected
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
male &
female
same
react to internal
and external
stimuli
messages sent
from one part of
body to another
co-ordination
chemical
messengers in
blood
localised,
separate
glands
male and
females
differ
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
renewable v. non-renewable energy
forever
wind
sun
wave
bio-fuels
RENEWABLE
both need to be
managed carefully
will run out
both cost money
to deliver
fossil fuels
– oil, coal,
peat, gas
NONRENEWABLE
1st year science pre-learning
electricity
electronics
Chemistry
atoms
gases
air
fuels
Physics
light
food
plants
animals
Biology
Sub-atomic particles
Positively
charged,
In the nucleus,
similar mass, the
sum of these is
the mass no.
Determines
atomic no.
All in
the
atom
Number is
constant
Proton
Not charged,
No. can vary
(isoptope)
Charged
Negatively charged,
Almost no mass!!
Can be removed or added,
In constant motion in orbits
Electron
Neutron
Comparing organs of excretion
[other function:
breathing]
water as
vapour
carbon
dioxide
lungs
[other functions:
protective,
sensory, heat
regulation]
excess
water
2
1
salts
diffusion
water as
liquid
urea
[other functions:
osmoregulation]
active transport
kidney
skin
Separation techniques
Equipment
evaporation
What happens
What happens
chromatography
Equipment
Equipment
sex-linked
disease
distillation
Equipment
What happens
What happens
Le Chatelier’s Principle
N2 + 3 H2 ⇌ 2 NH3
ΔH = −92kJ mol-1
decrease increase
increase
addn
pressure
temp
catalyst ?
removal
removal
decrease
addn
Trends in the Periodic Table
Groups
• increase going
down groups
• adding new shell
• screening effect
Groups
increase going down
•adding new shell
Periods
•increased screening
decreases
Periods
effect
along periods
decrease along periods
•no new shell
•no new shell
•larger nucleus,
energy
atomic
•larger nucleus, stronger
values
radius
stronger hold
hold
Groups
Groups
ionisation
reactivity
Decreases down groups
•increase down Group 1
energy
•adding new shell i.e.
•1 e- on outer shell,
Groups Periods
further away
getting further from
increase going up Decreasing atomic
•increases screening
nucleus
Group 1, only need 1 e- radius
effect
•atomic radius
•no screening effect
decreases, nucleus
•no new shell, larger nucleus
has stronger hold
Increases along periods
mass no. &
relative atomic no.
atomic
structure
periodic
table
groups &
periods
Junior Cycle Science
elements,
atoms,
symbols
metals v.
non-metals
what is it?
uses
properties
Light
experiments
Junior Cycle Science:
laws
generalised structure of prokaryotic cell
harmful
effects
binary
fission
Bacteria
beneficial
effects
endospore
formation
particles
annihilation
particle
physics
pair
production
Cockcroft &
Walton’s
exp.
4 fundamental
forces
displacement
force
Initial
velocity
mechanics
acceleraiton
Final velocity
What happens in plant reproduction?
Q 1 What happens in pollination?
Q 2 What happens in fertilization?
Answer
Answer
Q 3 What happens in seed dispersal?
Q 4 What happens in germination?
Answer
Answer
Functions of the skeleton
Q 1 How does the skeleton function as a
support to the body?
Q 2 How does the skeleton act as a
protection for the body?
Answer
Answer
Q 3 How does the skeleton act in
movement in the body?
Q 4 How does the skeleton act in making
blood in the body?
Answer
Answer