Transcript Document
Introduction to the Animal Kingdom Characteristics of Animals: Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Multicellular Lack cell walls 95% = invertebrates (no backbone) 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone) 7 Common Animal Functions 1.Feeding: Herbivore = eats plants Carnivore = eats animals Omnivore = eats plants and animals Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship) 2. Respiration: Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion 3. Circulation: Very small animals rely on diffusion Larger animals have circulatory system 4. Excretion: Removal of Wastes - Primary waste product is ammonia (could be urea, uric acid, or amino acid. A. Diffusion - Sponges, Cnideria, and Echinoderms. B. Flame cells - Flat worms C. Canals and Tubes - Round worms D. Nephridia - Annelids E. Malphigian Tubules - Arthropods F. Green glands – Prawns G. Kidneys - Vertebrates Flame Cells Flatworms Excretory Organs Nephridia – Segmented Worms Canals and Tubes – Round Worms Kidneys Vertebrates Malphigian Tubules – Arthropods/Insects • 5. Response: Animals respond to their environment using: Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli Nerve cells => nervous system • 6. Movement: * Most but not all animals move 7. Reproduce: Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly Animal Body Plans: Symmetrical – sides or sections look the same (mirror images) Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges) Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) Bilateral Symmetry has a right and left side that Can be cut equally in 1/2 (humans, insects, cats, etc.) Identify the Symmetry BILATERAL ASYMETRICAL BILATERAL RADIAL RADIAL Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) *The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda (head-foot) Body Sides anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail dorsal - back side ventral - belly side Segmentation - "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine) Animal Development Animals begin as a zygote (fertilized egg) The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells The blastula pinches inward to form three cell layers called GERM LAYERS This pinched in area becomes a mouth in some animals (Protostomes) and an anus in other animals (Deuterostomes). Mollusks, Annelids, Arthropods Echinoderms and Chordates Major Animal Kingdom Phyla Phylum Porifera – sponges (simple animals with no symmetry) Phylum Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra (animals with stinging cells and radial symmentry) Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms Free-living Planarian Parasitic Tapeworm Phylum Nematoda – roundworms Phylum Annelida – segmented worms Phylum Mollusca – clams, squid, snails (animals with a shell – the squid’s “shell” or pen is internal. Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, insects, spiders This is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species Phylum Echinodermata starfish Phylum Chordata – includes all vertebrates (animals with a stiff vertebral column with a nerve cord above) Shape of Life Videos • • • • • • • • • Origins (Sponges) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/sponges-origins or http://vimeo.com/37032195 Life on the Move (Cnideria) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/cnidarians-life-move or http://vimeo.com/37267733 The First Hunter (Platyhelminthes) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/flatworms-first-hunter or http://vimeo.com/37282961 Marine Arthropods: A Successful Design http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/marinearthropods-successful-design or http://vimeo.com/37289745 The Conquerors (Arthropods) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/terrestrial-arthropodsconquerors or http://vimeo.com/37321126 Survival Game (Molluscs) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/molluscs-survival-game or http://vimeo.com/37325960 Ultimate Animal (Echinoderms) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/echinoderms-ultimateanimal or http://vimeo.com/37295088 Explosion of Life (Annelids) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/annelids-powerful-andcapable-worms or http://vimeo.com/37255842 Bones, Brawn, and Brains (Chordates) http://shapeoflife.org/video/phyla/chordateswe%E2%80%99re-all-family or http://vimeo.com/42588192