Transcript ANATOMY - Northeast Metro 916 Intermediate School District

ANATOMY
Overview of the
Respiratory System
Respiratory
• The respiratory
system consists of
the lungs and air
passages.
• This system is
responsible for
taking in oxygen, a
gas needed by all
body cells, and
removing carbon
dioxide, a gas that
is a waste product
produced by the
cells.
Why we need oxygen
• The body has
only a four to six
minute supply of
oxygen. The
respiratory
system must
work
continuously or
death will occur.
Parts of the system
• The parts of the
respiratory
include the
nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea,
bronchi, and
lungs.
The Nose
• The two nostrils
are separated by
the nasal
septum, which
divides the nose
into two cavities
called the nares
or nasal
cavities.
What the Nose Do?
• The function of
the nose;
• Removal of
foreign bodies,
either caught by
the hairs of the
nose or the
mucous
membranes
which filter out
he foreign
objects.
What the nose does
• A rich blood
supply in the
nares, warms
and moistens the
air.
• Receptors for
the olfactory
gives us the
sense of smell.
• The tear ducts
from the eye
drain into the
nose.
What does the pharynx
do?
• Air leaving the nose passes into
the pharnx, which is commonly
called the throat, which is a
common passageway for food
and air.
Anatomy of the
Respiratory System
Sinus cavity
Nose
Nasaopharynx
oropharynx
Mouth
Pharynx
Tongue
Laryngpharynx
Epiglottis
Trachea
esophagus
There are three sections
to the Pharynx
• The nasopharynx contains the
tonsils and adenoids
• The oropharynx opens into the
mouth.
• The larynopharynx opens into the
larynx.
• Small tubes from the middle ear
open into the larynopharynx
Larynx
• The larynx , which is also called
the voice box is formed of
cartilage plates. The largest is
the thyroid cartilage called the
Adams apple.
Larynx
• The larynx
contains two folds
which are your
vocal cords which
vibrate to produce
sound and speech.
• At the end of the
larynx is the
epiglottis, that
closes during
swallowing which
prevents foods
from entering the
respiratory tract.
Trachea
• The trachea or
windpipe carries
air to the
bronchi.
• The rings of the
trachea are
almost
noncollapsible
which keeps the
trachea open
allowing for air
to enter the
lungs, but can
be obstructed by
large pieces of
Trachea
• Coughing occurs when the
trachea’s mucous and cilia (hair
like structures) move foreign
objects upward. This is your
bodies natural defense against
choking.
Bronchi
• The lower end of
the trachea is
divided into two
Bronchi. As the
bronchi enter
the lung, they
branch off into
smaller tubes
called
bronchioles.
These end in
tiny air sacs
called alveoli.
The lungs
• The lungs are
divided into
lobes: The right
lung has three
lobes and left
lung has two
lobes.
• Tiny grape like
structures call
alveoli are
located in the
lungs and are
highly elastic.
Lungs
• A rich supply of
blood capillaries
surround the
alveoli allowing
the air exchange
to occur.
• The lungs are
covered by a
two layered
membrane
called the
pleura.
Breathing
• The process of
breathing is
called
respiration. It
involves
inspiration (
inhaling of air)
and expiration (
exhaling air.)
• One inspiration
plus one
expiration
equals one
respiration.
The lungs
• The large
muscle
separating the
lungs from the
abdomen is
called the
diaphragm. This
contracts along
with the rib
muscles and
allows air to get
into the lungs.
Lungs
• The alveoli
expanded with
fresh oxygen,
exchange
oxygen for
carbon dioxide
with the tiny
blood vessels
that surround
the alveoli.
Respirations
• Respirations vary
at 14- 22 per
minute and are
controlled by the
medulla of the
brain.
• Chemical factors
and conscious
control also affect
respiration.
Diseases affecting the
respiratory system
• Infections are the most common affliction
of the respiratory system.
• Pneumonia – inflamation of the lungs.
• Upper respiratory – Ears, eyes, nose or
throat. Also called URI’s
• Emphysema – loss of elasticity of alveoli
causing air to be trapped.
• Asthma – causes spasms of the bronchi
• Cancers – abnormal cell growth
Your Lungs
• NormL Chest X
ray
• Abnormal x-ray
Respiratory vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Respiratory Medical Terms
anoxia (ah-NOCK-see-ah) without oxygen.
apnea ( AP-nee-ah) temporary cessation of breathing.
bradypnea (brad-ihp-NEE-ah) abnormal slow breathing.
Cheyne-stokes respiration (chayn-stohks) periods of apnea
lasting 10 to 60 seconds.
dyspnea (disp-nee-ah) difficulty with breathing or labored
breathing.
epistaxis (ep-ih-stack-sis) nose bleed.
hyperpnea ( high-perp-NEE- ah) an increased respiratory rate, or
breathing that is deeper.
hypoxia ( high-POCK-see-ah) defeciency of oxygen.
rhinorrhea (rye-noh-REE-ah) thin watery discharge from the
nose.
tachypnea ( tack-ihp-NEE- ah) abnormal rapid respirations.