Transcript Document

THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
HCT II
The respiratory system
• Consists of lungs and air passages
• Controlled through the medulla oblongata
• Responsible for taking in oxygen and removing
carbon dioxide
• Must work continuously or death will occur
• The body has approximately a 4-6 minute supply
of oxygen
Hi I am O2 ,you can call
me oxygen, and I will be your guide today.
I advise you keep all feet
and hands inside the ride at all times.
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You may be asking, what is the
Respiratory system? Well, the
Respiratory system is the system that
helps you breath in and out, so
oxygen (02) can be pumped through
your body and carbon dioxide (CO2)
can be removed from the blood
stream. You must remember that the
Respiratory system is made up of
many different organs.
JH
Nasal Passage
Where are we?
Tongue
Here We Go!!!
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood. JH
THE NOSE AND MOUTH
This is where it all begins.
This is where the oxygen first
enters your body and also where
Carbon Dioxide leaves.
MB
The Nose and Mouth
When the air comes into your nose it gets
filtered by tiny hairs called cilia and it is moistened by the
mucus that is in your nose. Mucus also helps to trap pathogens
Your sinuses also help out with your
Respiratory System. They help to moisten
and heat the air that you breath.
Air can also get into your body through your
mouth/oral cavity but air is not filtered as
much when it enters in through your mouth.
MB
Nose and Mouth Picture
Nasal Cavity
Nostril
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Olfactory receptors for the sense of smell
are located in the nose
Lacrimal ducts drain tears from the eye into the nose
To provide additional moisture for the air
Where are
We?
Nasal Passage
We are here.
Tongue
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
MB
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
THE PHARYNX AND TRACHEA
Next we will head down to your pharynx
(throat) and your trachea (windpipe).
This is where the air passes from your
nose to your bronchi tubes and lungs. As air leaves
nose it enters the pharynx
Consists of three sections
• Nasopharynx- upper portion behind nasal cavities,
contains tonsils, adenoids and eustachian tube openings
• Oropharynx- behind the mouth, receives air from the
nose and air and food from the mough
• Laryngopharynx- bottom section, which branches into
trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus.
The Pharynx and Trachea
Mouth
Pharynx
(Throat)
Trachea
Your pharynx (throat) gathers air after it passes
through your nose and then the air is passed down to
your trachea (windpipe). Carries air between your pharynx and bronchi
Your trachea is held open by “incomplete rings
of cartilage.” Without these rings your trachea
might close off and air would not be able to get
to and from your lungs.
Nasal Passage
Where are
We?
Tongue
Pharynx
We are here.
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
Larynx (voice box)
Lies between the pharynx
and the trachea
Has a framework of
cartilage called the Adams
apple
As air leaves the lungs the
vocal cords vibrate and
produce sound
Epiglottis
This is a special piece of cartilage that
Is a leaf like structure.
It closes the opening into the larynx
during swallowing, preventing food
And liquids from entering the
respiratory tract
The Bronchi Tubes and Bronchiole
• Your trachea (windpipe) splits up into
two bronchi tubes.
• Each bronchus enters a lung and carries
air from the trachea to the lungs
MB
The Bronchi Tubes and Bronchiole
These bronchi tubes split up, like
tree branches, and get smaller and smaller
inside your lungs. They form
your smallest branches called bronchioles.
The air flows past your bronchi tubes
and into your bronchioles. These tubes
keep getting smaller and smaller until they
finally end with small air sacs (called alveoli).
But we will go there later…
Alveoli and Bronchi Picture
Trachea
Bronchi Tubes
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Nasal Passage
Where are
We?
Tongue
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
are here.
called We
capillaries
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
THE ALVEOLI AND
CAPILLARY NETWORK
Now we will head over to the
alveoli and what happens when the
air finally makes it down there.
• Air sacs that look like bunch of grapes
• Adults have approximately 500 million alveoli
• Capillaries allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to be
exchanged between the blood and the lungs
• Inner surface of the alveoli are covered with a liquid
fatty substance that helps prevent the lungs from
collapsing
The Alveoli and Capillary Network
Your alveoli are tiny air sacs
that fill up with air/oxygen when you
breath in.
Your alveoli are surrounded by
many tiny blood vessels called
capillaries.
The walls of your alveoli (and capillaries) are
so thin that the oxygen or carbon dioxide can
pass through them, traveling right into, or
out of your blood stream.
Alveoli
Here is a close
up picture of
your Alveoli
and a Capillary
surrounding it.
Capillary
Wall of
the air
sac
Carbon
Dioxide is
dropped off
Oxygen is
picked up
Red Blood
Cell
Nasal Passage
Where are
We?
Tongue
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
We are here.
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
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lv
A
Ventilation:
Movement of air into
and out of lungs. Has
three aspects
External respiration:
Internal respiration:
Cellular Respiration:
Internal and External Respiration
• Video
External Respiration
• - Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the lungs and blood stream
• Oxygen breathed in through the respiratory
system enters the alveoli
• Concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is
higher than the concentration in the blood
capillaries
• Oxygen leaves the alveoli and enters the
capillaries or bloodstream
External Respiration Continued
• Carbon dioxide is a waste product carried
in the blood stream
• Concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the
capillaries
• It leaves the capillaries and enters the alveoli
• Alveoli expel it from the body during exhalation
Internal Respiration
• Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the
cells and bloodstream
• Oxygen is carried to the cells by the blood.
• Concentration of oxygen is higher in the blood than in
the body cells
• Oxygen leaves the blood capillaries and enters the
body cells
• Cells use the oxygen and nutrients to produce energy,
water aend carbon dioxide (cellular respiration)
• Level of carbon dioxide is higher in cells and enters
the bloodstream to be transported back to the lungs
for external respiration to take place.
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Now we will look at the Diaphragm.
You might be wondering, what does the
Diaphragm do? The Diaphragm is an
important factor in breathing.
Diagram of Diaphragm
Here is an experiment that you
can try.
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Use the bottles provided to add the balloons
Place a balloon in the top of the bottle so that it can
be expanded
Cut a balloon and tape it to the bottom of the bottle.
Make sue it’s as air tight as possible
Inflate and deflate the balloon by pulling on the
bottom (diaphgram)
Fun Facts
* At
rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each
minute.
* The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
* The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour.
* The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis
court.
* The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed
end to end.
* We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water
vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.
* A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.
* The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.
Key Words
• Respiratory System- The group of organs in your body that are responsible
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for taking in Oxygen and breathing out the Carbon Dioxide which is the waste
product of cellular respiration.
Oxygen-The gas that your body needs to work and function.
Carbon Dioxide- The waste product (gas) that is produced through
respiration of people and animals.
Nose/Nasal Cavity- Where Oxygen first enters your body. Tiny hairs help
filter the air and air is moistened and heated by your nose. Your Nose leads
into your Nasal Cavity.
Mouth/Oral Cavity- Oxygen/air can also enter through your Mouth but it is
not filtered. Your Mouth opens up into your Oral Cavity.
Sinus- A cavity in the bones of your skull that helps moisten and heat the air
that you breath.
Pharynx/Throat- Gathers air from your Nasal and Oral Cavities and passes it
to your Trachea.
Trachea/Windpipe- A tube like pathway that connects your throat to your
Bronchi Tubes and lungs. Air passes through it when it travels from the
Pharynx to the Bronchi Tubes.
Key Words Cont.
• Bronchi Tubes- Each tube (one per lung) splits up into many smaller tubes
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called Bronchiole, like branches on a tree.
Bronchiole- Keep splitting up until they reach your Alveoli.
Respiratory Bronchiole- The air-tubes that are actually connected to the
Alveoli.
Alveolar Duct- The final tube, which is part of the Alveoli, that leads to the
air-sacs.
Alveolar Sac- Where the chemical change takes place and where blood
cells pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide.
Alveoli- Tiny air-sacs at the end of your Alveolar Duct. They fill up with
Oxygen and are surrounded by Capillaries.
Capillaries- Tiny blood streams (around one cell wide) that surround your
Alveoli. They take Oxygen out of our Lungs and replace it with Carbon
Dioxide, which you later breath out.
Diaphragm- The muscle membrane that helps you breath in and out by
changing the pressure in your chest cavity.