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HISTORY OF BIOLOGY
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Famous Greek Philosopher
Pioneered Zoology
First to classify living things
Divided the plants into herbs,
shrubs and trees and animals into
land dwellers, water dwellers and
air dwellers
Claudius Galen (A.D. 131-200)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Greek physician who describe the
anatomy of the human body
based on dissections of apes and
pigs.
showed that arteries carry blood
His description contained many
errors, however, and were
unchallenged for 1,300 years.
Andreas Versalius (1514-1564)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Father of Modern Anatomy
Made the first studies on human
anatomy by dissecting corpses “De
Humani Corporis Fabrica”.
He pioneered the comparative
approach, which is using other
animals to know the function and
organization of a particular
anatomical part of the body.
William Harvey (1578-1657)
CONTRIBUTIONS
English physician who showed
conclusively that the heart pumps
the blood and the blood circulates.
He stimulated the development of
anatomy by proving the principle that
structure and function must be
studied together.
gave an accurate account of the
mechanism of the circulatory system
William Harvey Explains Blood Circulation
Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Italian physician and anatomist who was
the founder of microscopic anatomy.
In 1661, he discovered the capillaries,
shedding light to the missing element in
Harvey’s theory of blood circulation.
observed the microscopic components
of the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen,
bone, and the inner, or what came to be
known as the Malpighian, layer of the
skin
discover red blood corpuscles
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1694)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Cloth merchant, was the first to
use the microscope with great
observational and descriptive
skills.
His most important discoveries
were microorganisms (including
bacteria), sperm cells and singlecelled organisms called
protozoans.
CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707-1778)
CONTRIBUTION
Father of Taxonomy
Developed binomial
nomenclature to classify and
organize plants and animals
GREGOR MENDEL (1822-1884)
CONTRIBUTION
Father of Genetics
Developed the principles of
heredity by studying the variation
and heredity of seven pairs of
inherited characteristics in pea
plants
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
CONTRIBUTIONS
The most prominent figure in the
history of biology.
His book “Origin of Species”
(1859) presents the theory of
evolution by natural selection.
His work provided a unifying,
organizing framework for the field
of biology.
FILIPINO BIOLOGISTS
Leon Ma. Guerrero (1853-1935)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Father of Philippine
Pharmacophytology.
He identified hundreds of trees
and herbs and sought to extract
from them certain substances
with therapeutic properties.
First to identify and describe
plants that poison fish.
Angel S. Arguelles (1888-1952)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Taught Filipino planters and
farmers how to use fertilizers and
pesticides.
His name is listed among the
“American Men of Science” (He is
not an American)
Nemesio L. Mendiola (1890-1983)
CONTRIBUTIONS
- Introduced better varieties of
fruits, vegetables and flowering
plants.
- Breed a new variety of pineapple
that has the sweetness of the
Hawaiian pineapple and the high
yield of the native pineapple.
- He was referred to as the “Luther
Burbank” of the Philippines.
Felix D. Maramba Sr. (1898-1983)
CONTRIBUTIONS
- Popular in the fields of agriculture and
business.
- He contributed a machine that could turn rice
hull into fuels for farm engines, a charcoal
and a coconut-oil fed power generator and
the biogas technology.
- Other researches of Maramba are production
of alcohol from cassava, soap from lye, and
pelletized sludge organic fertilizer.
- He was indeed a man of ingenuity in
agricultural technology.
Juan Salcedo (1904-1988)
CONTRIBUTIONS
 Launched the biggest project in the history of
Philippine medicine – the inclusion of enriched
rice in the Filipino diet.

*Enriched rice is fortified with vitamin
B1 to cure beri-beri.
 He took other projects like the extensive drive
to combat mosquitoes which carry malaria
germs, and the use of the vaccine BCG to
combat tuberculosis.
 He was among the first batch of national
scientists named by the National Academy of
Science and Technology (NAST).
Fe Del Mundo (1907 – present)
CONTRIBUTIONS
Invented the incubator and the
jaundice-relieving device for
babies.
She conducted an experiment on
immunization that help designate
the best age at which children
should be immunized.
She wrote many books and
research papers on pediatrics.
She was proclaimed a National
Scientist in 1980.