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BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The respiratory system Dale Embleton BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The respiratory system What you need to learn … • The structure of the respiratory system • The functions of the respiratory system BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The respiratory system Respiratory system •The mechanism of respiration is the process by which living cells of the body receive a constant supply of oxygen, and remove carbon dioxide. •All cells require oxygen to function •Also plays a role in regulating the body’s acid-base balance BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION STRUCTURE BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The respiratory system STRUCTURE Respiratory system consists of • Nose • Naso-pharynx Task • Pharynx Use resources and • Larynx labels on whiteboard • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs – bronchioles – alveoli Complete Worksheet to label the respiratory system BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The Respiratory System STRUCTURE • Air is drawn through the _____________ and sometimes the _________________ and passes through the respiratory tract to reach the _____________. • The RT can be subdivided into the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts. BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Respiratory Tracts STRUCTURE TASK • Read through your handout on the upper and lower respiratory tracts. • Describe each with 3-4 key points BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The Lungs STRUCTURE An A4 Task • Your A4 handout has some information on the lungs • Use this information to draw and label a very simple diagram of the lungs. BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION FUNCTIONS BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The Mechanics of Breathing. FUNCTIONS • Breathing is the process by which air is transported into and out of the lungs. • Two distinct phases • It is regulated by the respiratory centres in the brain and stretch receptors in the air passage and lungs. • The thorax increases in size to let air in and decreases to force air out. BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The Mechanics of Breathing. FUNCTIONS Two distinct phases are: • Inspiration – Intercostal muscles contract to lift ribs upwards and outwards – Diaphragm is forced downwards – Sternum is forced outwards – This expansion leads to a drop in pressure (below atmospheric pressure), so air floods into the lungs. – O2 exchanged for CO2. BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The Mechanics of Breathing. FUNCTIONS Two distinct phases are: • Expiration – Intercostal muscles relax so that the ribs and sternum collapse – Diaphragm extends upwards – Pressure is increased and air is expelled. • During exercise there is an increased demand for oxygen. Therefore, there is greater work for the muscles and diaphragm BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Gaseous exchange: FUNCTIONS Gaseous exchange in the alveoli … Oxygen in: • Oxygen breathed in, enters lungs into alveoli • Passes through alveoli walls into capillaries • Blood carries oxygen to body cells BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Gaseous exchange: FUNCTIONS Gaseous exchange in the alveoli … Carbon dioxide out: • Blood carries waste carbon dioxide from body cells to alveoli along capillaries • Carbon dioxide passes through capillary walls into alveoli • Carbon dioxide travels out of lungs up windpipe Task: Complete diagram of Gaseous exchange in the alveoli. BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Gaseous exchange: FUNCTIONS Capillary from pulmonary artery Red cell Oxygen enters red cells Film of moisture Di ffu sio dio n xid e of ca rb on Epithelium of alveolus To pulmonary vein Carbon dioxide escapes into alveolus BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Gaseous exchange: FUNCTIONS BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Respiratory Rates and Lung Volumes: FUNCTIONS How much air you breathe • Tidal volume – volume of air breathed in with each breath • Respiratory rate – number of breaths taken per minute • Minute volume – volume of air breathed per minute BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Respiratory Rates and Lung Volumes: FUNCTIONS Key point • Minute volume = Tidal volume X Respiratory rate • Task: Complete Worksheet 53 (2,3,4) and Worksheet 54 (1) BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION VT tidal volume during normal, quiet breathing ERV expiratory reserve volume FRC functional residual capacity EVC expiratory vital capacity IVC inspiratory vital capacity TLC total lung capacity BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION Respiratory Rates and Lung Volumes: FUNCTIONS How big are the lungs? • Vital capacity = maximum amount of air you can breathe out, after breathing in as deeply as you can (usually 4.5–5 litres) • Residual volume = amount of air left in lungs after you breathe out as hard as you can (usually 1–1.5 litres) BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The respiratory system Composition of air entering the lungs • 21% oxygen • 79% nitrogen • Small amount carbon dioxide • A little water vapour BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The respiratory system Composition of air leaving the lungs • 17% oxygen • 79% nitrogen • 3% carbon dioxide • A lot of water vapour BTEC NATIONAL Sport UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION The respiratory system What you need to learn … • The structure of the respiratory system • The functions of the respiratory system