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Copyright Notice! This PowerPoint slide set is copyrighted by Ross Koning and is thereby preserved for all to use from plantphys.info for as long as that website is available. Images lacking photo credits are mine and, as long as you are engaged in non-profit educational missions, you have my permission to use my images and slides in your teaching. However, please notice that some of the images in these slides have an associated URL photo credit to provide you with the location of their original source within internet cyberspace. Those images may have separate copyright protection. If you are seeking permission for use of those images, you need to consult the original sources for such permission; they are NOT mine to give you permission. Animal Circulation Microorganisms to Multicellular Organisms Circulation of materials in the body Size matters: microorganisms use simple diffusion and osmosis Occasionally amplified by facilitated diffusion or active transport Or vesicular transport! Altering shape may osmosis make diffusion uptake a diffusion shorter, faster path active transport Cyclosis in the cell helps vesicular transport circulate http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/amoebafeeding3.jpg materials taken up Sponge Morphology http://www.cruisecortez.com/img/jpg/sponge.jpg Basic Sponge Anatomy: Fundamentally two-layered body wall Ostia surrounded by porocyte permit entry of water and particulates Flagellated cells feed on particulates and move water out osculum http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/ees/life/slides/phyla/sponge.gif Sponge choanocyte: feeding flagellated cell with microvilli collar microvilli flagellum http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/biodic/images/anatepon/epo17b.jpg This is a colony of polyps with tentacles for feeding Cnidarians have just the two tissue layers, so internal circulation is not critical, exchanges are diffusion The yellow-brown color is due to endosymbiotic dinoflagellates Polyplacophora: chitons The most-primitive mollusc has 8 valves (plates) protecting its soft tissues beneath. The chiton foot attaches to rocks and the animal uses its radula to scrape organic material from the rock surfaces. http://www.dec.ctu.edu.vn/sardi/mollusc/images/chiton.jpg http://www.birdsasart.com/red%20Chiton.jpg After working hard to remove the “suck rock” organism from the rock, the ventral surface of the chiton shows the obvious mollusc features. gills foot mouth (radula inside) http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20 lectures/animal%20diversity/protostomes/chiton_ventral_surface.jpg This cartoon shows a longitudinal slice of a chiton with the three principal parts: foot (locomotion or attachment), visceral mass (internal organs), and mantle (secretes valves). dorsal aorta gonad heart valve plates pericardial cavity (coelom) hemocoel ventricle auricle radula mantle mouth anus foot digestive stomach nephridium nephridiopore gland ventral gonopore nerve cord (not shown) How does the bivalve know you are swimming by? Eyes! http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/images/other_spec/scallop_eyes.jpg Evaginated gills provide increased surface area for gas exchange This cartoon is shows a plane of section perpendiular to the previous one. The foot can push a bivalve through sediments. The food-trapping gills are used for gas exchange. The heart pumps the blood into the hemocoel bathing the tissues. It goes through the gills for gas exchange. The blood then returns to the heart. This is an open circulation system. hinge and ligament shell heart nephridium intestine mantle gonad gills foot Nephridia cleanse the blood of nitrogenous waste. Open Circulatory Systems Fig 45.19 Page 917 Hemocyanin and hemoglobin are present in this group Hemocyanin is plesiomorphic and less efficient than hemoglobin