Transcript respiratory system - powerpoint - Curriculum for Excellence Science

The Respiratory System
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3
5
6
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Trachea / Wind pipe
Muscles
Bronchiole
Lung
Rib
Air sacs /
Alveoli
Bronchus
Diaphragm
Alveoli / Air Sacs
This is where gas exchange happens...
• Oxygen diffuses into the blood
• Carbon dioxide diffuses out
Air Sacs
This is where gas exchange happens.
Oxygen diffuses into the blood.
Carbon dioxide diffuses out.
Gas exchange
• Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs
• Oxygen diffuses into the blood
• Carbon dioxide diffuses out
blood out
CO2
blood in
O2
Why are alveoli so effective for gas exchange?
Alveoli
Alveoli are good at gas exchange because:
• They have a large surface area
• They have a good blood supply
• Their lining is moist
• They are very thin
This means a lot of diffusion can happen quickly!
Why do veins look blue?
Why is blood red?
Haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, carries oxygen around the body.
Haemoglobin contains iron which looks bright red combined with oxygen.
Nice dissection video
http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/st
andard/biology/the_body_in_action/the_need_for_
energy_rev3.shtml
What stops things getting into your lungs?
What stops things getting into your lungs?
Mucus and Cilia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miEEluVlemQ
Respiratory System
• Trachea and bronchi are lined with:
– Rings of cartilage for support; prevents tubes closing
– Mucus to trap dirt and germs
– Cilia (tiny hairs) to sweep mucus out of the lungs
Model Lung
Breathing
Breathing is not the same as respiration.
Respiration is a chemical reaction.
Breathing is the process of moving air in and out of the body.
Breathing
When you breathe in what happens to...
• Your ribs?
• Your diaphragm?
• The volume of your lungs?
Breathing
Inhale: take air into lungs
Exhale: remove air from lungs
Lung Measurements
Lung Measurements
Tidal volume: the volume of air you move in and out
of your lungs when breathing normally
Vital capacity: this is the maximum volume of air you
can move out of your lungs
Peak flow: this is the maximum rate which you can
force air out of your lungs
Tidal
volume
the maximum volume
of air you can move
out of your lungs
Vital
capacity
the maximum rate
which you can force
air out of your lungs
Peak flow
volume of air you
move in and out of
your lungs when
breathing normally
How much air can your lungs hold?
How long can you hold your breath?
The man who can hold his breath for 10 minutes!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Vcv01Jm-Ow
Tidal Volume
(normal breath)
Vital Capacity
(forced exhale)
3800
200
7cm
19cm
What might a doctor use peak flow to test for?
Peak flow can be used to test for asthma.
What factors might affect lung
measurements?
What might cause someone to have a
bigger or smaller vital capacity?
Size
Age
Sex
Fitness
Videos and Animations
• http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/glowscience/human
_body/lungs/film_151/index.html
Respiration
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/RPRLC/launch.html
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/CRBLC/launch.html
Alveoli
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/AOALC/launch.html
Mucus
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/MUMLC/launch.html
Respiratory System
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/TRSLC/launch.html
Gas Exchange
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html
Air
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/DNXLC/launch.html
Breathing
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningsteps/BRVLC/launch.html
• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
/pc/learningSimulations/BRVSC/launch.html
Alveoli
• http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/
breathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/Respiratory
Label.html
Respiratory System
• http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/
breathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/Respiratory
Label.html
Breathing
• http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/
breathing/breathingAni/breathing.html