Transcript The only places on Earth where most reptiles cannot live are very

The only places on Earth where
most reptiles cannot live are very
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hot areas.
cold areas.
dry areas.
wet areas.
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Suppose you know that vertebrate X has lungs and lays
eggs with several protective membranes. What else would
you need to know about vertebrate X to determine if it is a
reptile?
1. how many limb
girdles it has
2. whether it lives on
land
3. whether it has a
well-developed skull
4. what its skin is like
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One way an ectotherm can
warm its body is to
1. move into the shade.
2. bask in the sun.
3. speed up its
metabolism.
4. crawl into an
underground burrow.
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In what way is the body plan of a snake
different from that of a typical reptile?
1. Snakes have moist
skin.
2. Snakes do not have
lungs.
3. Snakes have twochambered hearts.
4. Snakes have no
legs.
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The earliest known reptiles lived
during the
1. Permian Period.
2. Triassic Period.
3. Carboniferous
Period.
4. Cretaceous
Period.
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One reason for the first great adaptive
radiation of reptiles was that
1.
reptiles could reproduce
away from water.
reptiles were strictly aquatic.
Earth’s climate became
warmer and more humid.
lakes and swamps became
more numerous.
2.
3.
4.
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A survey of the number of dinosaur fossils
over different geologic periods would show
1.
roughly the same number from the
Carboniferous Period through the
Cretaceous Period.
a sharp decrease around the end of
the Cretaceous Period.
a gradual decrease during the
Triassic and Jurassic Periods.
the greatest number during the
Permian Period.
2.
3.
4.
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Into what two major groups are
dinosaurs classified?
1. Ornithischia and
Testudines
2. Coleophysis and
Squamata
3. Saurischia and
Testudines
4. Saurischia and
Ornithischia
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Which of the following is NOT thought to
have contributed to the extinction of the
dinosaurs?
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1. massive volcanic
eruptions
2. the collision of an
asteroid or comet
3. the rising of sea
level
4. major forest fires
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Which of the following is NOT an adaptation
that enables reptiles to live out of water?
1. having two limb
girdles
2. having lungs
3. having scaly skin
4. laying eggs that
have protective
membranes
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Most reptiles exchange gases
through their
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gills.
skin.
lungs.
limbs.
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Oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood
undergo the least mixing in the heart of a
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2.
3.
4.
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crocodile.
turtle.
snake.
lizard.
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Which reptile would be most likely to excrete
nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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an aquatic turtle
a desert tortoise
a crocodile
an alligator
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One method snakes use to locate prey is to flick their
tongue in the air and then draw their tongue across the roof
of their mouth. In this method, the function of the tongue is
to
1. collect chemicals in the
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air.
2. measure the
temperature of the air.
3. pick up vibrations from
the air.
4. sense the direction of
the wind.
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A small animal crouches 1 m in front of a pit viper in total
darkness. A gentle breeze is blowing in the direction from
the viper toward the small animal. The viper will have the
greatest chance of detecting the small animal if the small
animal
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1. remains
motionless.
2. releases an odor.
3. is brightly colored.
4. is warmer than its
surroundings.
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Compared with the limbs of most
amphibians, the limbs of some reptiles tend
to be
1. smaller and weaker.
2. capable of carrying
less weight.
3. located farther
beneath the body.
4. less specialized in
form and function.
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All reptiles reproduce by
1. internal fertilization, and most
are oviparous.
2. internal fertilization, and most
are viviparous.
3. external fertilization, and most
are viviparous.
4. external fertilization, and all are
ovoviviparous.
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The difference between reptilian eggs and
amphibian eggs is that reptilian eggs
1. must develop in water.
2. always hatch inside the
mother’s body.
3. are surrounded by a
protective shell and
membranes.
4. do not contain an embryo.
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A four-chambered heart is found
in
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2.
3.
4.
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tuataras.
snakes.
turtles.
alligators.
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The tuatara belongs to the order
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
Squamata.
Crocodilia.
Testudines.
Sphenodonta.
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Most lizards have all of the
following EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
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clawed toes.
a third eye.
movable eyelids.
external ears.
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Caimans and gavials belong to
the order
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
Squamata.
Crocodilia.
Testudines.
Sphenodonta.
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The dorsal part of a turtle’s shell
is called the
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2.
3.
4.
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carapace.
plastron.
amnion.
allantois.
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The vertebral column exhibits the least
flexibility among reptiles in the order
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
Squamata.
Crocodilia.
Testudines.
Sphenodonta.
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As the geographic range of a species becomes more
limited, the extinction of that species becomes more likely.
By this criterion, which group of reptiles faces the greatest
threat of extinction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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lizards
snakes
turtles
tuataras
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Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of all birds?
1. They have an outer
covering of feathers.
2. They maintain a
constant internal
body temperature.
3. They have two legs.
4. They can fly.
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An endotherm is an animal that
1. has a low rate of
metabolism.
2. can generate its own body
heat.
3. stores large amounts of
food in its stomach.
4. can see color very well.
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What is the order in which food passes
through the digestive system of a seedeating bird?
large intestine  crop  stomach 
small intestine
stomach  large intestine  crop 
small intestine
crop  stomach  small intestine 
large intestine
crop  large intestine  small
intestine  stomach
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Which observation supports the statement
that birds are reptilelike animals?
Birds’ front limbs usually
do not have useful
claws.
Birds have only two
legs.
Birds excrete uric acid.
Birds generate their own
body heat.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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If birds evolved directly from dinosaurs but
modern reptiles did not, you would expect
birds to
1.
be more similar to modern reptiles than
to dinosaurs.
have the same characteristics as all
species of dinosaurs.
have all of the characteristics of
dinosaurs and none of the
characteristics of modern reptiles.
have some characteristics that
dinosaurs had but that modern reptiles
lack.
2.
3.
4.
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One characteristic that Archaeopteryx
had but most dinosaurs lacked was
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
feathers.
teeth.
a tail.
claws.
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The fact that Archaeopteryx had teeth in its
beak and well-developed feathers covering
its body suggests that Archaeopteryx was a
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1. powerful flier.
2. transitional
species.
3. modern bird.
4. dinosaur.
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In which part of a bird’s digestive system is
food stored and moistened before it enters
the stomach?
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1. cloaca
2. small intestine
3. gizzard
4. crop
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The main function of contour
feathers is to
trap air close to a bird’s body.
provide the lifting force and balance
needed for flight.
make a bird’s respiratory system
more efficient.
release a powder that repels water.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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A bird’s respiratory system is more efficient
than that of other land vertebrates because
1.
inhaled air passes directly into the
lungs.
oxygen-poor air is inhaled along with
oxygen-rich air.
air flows through the lungs in only one
direction.
none of the space in the lungs is
occupied by tubes.
2.
3.
4.
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Birds that fly at high altitudes need an
especially efficient respiratory system
because
1.
at high altitudes the air
sacs do not function.
there is little oxygen in
the atmosphere at high
altitudes.
at high altitudes birds
flap their wings faster.
there is little carbon
dioxide at high altitudes.
2.
3.
4.
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The structure of a bird’s heart
ensures that
1.
oxygen-rich blood never
mixes with oxygen-poor
blood.
oxygen-rich blood is always
pumped to the lungs.
oxygen-poor blood is always
pumped to the body.
oxygen-poor blood never
enters the heart.
2.
3.
4.
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The easiest way to distinguish a
bird’s egg from a reptile’s egg is to
1.
determine whether the
egg contains an
amnion.
count the number of
membranes in the egg.
test the hardness of the
outer shell.
find out if the egg is
waterproof.
2.
3.
4.
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3
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5
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In flying birds, many large
bones are
1. fused together.
2. made of
lightweight
cartilage.
3. easily broken.
4. strengthened with
steel.
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The largest order of birds
consists of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
birds of prey.
flightless birds.
parrots.
perching birds.
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If a bird has a hooked bill and
sharp talons, it might be a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
water bird.
ostrich.
bird of prey.
perching bird.
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A bird that inhabits a saltwater
marsh might be a relative of a
1. pelican or heron.
2. parrot or game bird.
3. perching bird or
cavity-nesting bird.
4. bird of prey or
ostrich.
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Insect-eating birds are beneficial to
human society because they
1. pollinate flowers.
2. help keep mosquito
populations under
control.
3. disperse seeds.
4. help insect
populations to grow.
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3
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5
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4
Which of the following is NOT a likely
mechanism by which migrating birds find
their way?
1. using stars as
guides
2. following landmarks
3. following the scent
of certain flowers
4. sensing Earth’s
magnetic field
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Careless use of DDT harmed
birds because it
1.
killed plants that birds
eat.
killed plants that hide
birds from predators.
made birds’ feathers fall
off.
accumulated in the food
chain and poisoned
birds.
2.
3.
4.
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A reptile is a vertebrate that has moist
skin. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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2
An animal that controls its body temperature by
varying its position in the environment is an
ectotherm. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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1
50%
2
The Mesozoic Era is often called the Age of
Reptiles. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Reptiles that live mainly in water excrete
most of their nitrogenous wastes in the form
of uric acid. _________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
In a reptile’s egg, the amnion stores wastes
produced by the embryo.
_________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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2
3
4
5
1
2
Legless reptiles belong to the order
Squamata. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
A four-legged reptile that has a “third eye”
and lacks both a shell and external ears is a
lizard. _________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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2
3
4
5
1
2
The most important characteristic that
separates birds from living reptiles is
feathers. _________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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2
3
4
5
1
2
The crop is a muscular part of the stomach
that is found in some birds.
_________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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2
3
4
5
1
2
Unlike most birds, vultures have a keen sense of smell.
Therefore, you would expect the optic lobes of the brain to
be larger in vultures than in most other birds.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Archaeopteryx differed from modern birds
because it had feathers on its wings.
_________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
A flying bird has unusually large chest
muscles that help make it adapted for flight.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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2
3
4
5
1
2
Another term for perching birds is
passerines. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Hawks and eagles belong to a group of birds
called cavity-nesting birds.
______________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Removing all chimney swifts from an area probably would
cause an increase in the number of mosquitoes in that
area. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Participant Scores
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Participant 1
Participant 2
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Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
A reptile’s skin is one adaptation that
enables it to survive in a(an)
____________________ environment.
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In reptiles that live entirely on land, excess
water is absorbed from urine in the
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The two major groups of dinosaurs were the
Ornithischia and the
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The group of reptiles whose heart is most
like that of a human is the
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
An egg in which the embryo is protected by
several membranes is called a(an)
____________________ egg.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The ____________________ is the
ventral part of a turtle’s shell.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Reptiles whose jaws are covered by horny
ridges belong to the order
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A bird uses its ____________________
feathers to stay warm.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 31–1
The structure labeled A in Figure 31–1
is the ____________________.
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The structure labeled B in Figure 31–1
is the ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Birds have a ____________________chambered heart.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The white substance that is produced by a
bird’s excretory system consists mostly of
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A bird that is selected at random from a list of all
living bird species will most likely belong to the
order called ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The droppings of fruit-eating birds disperse
____________________ over great
distances.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
On a dark, moonless night with overcast skies, some
migrating birds may still find their way by following Earth’s
_________________________ field.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What disadvantage for reptiles does their
skin create? How do reptiles overcome this
disadvantage?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name two periods during Earth’s history
when great adaptive radiations of reptiles
occurred.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare the lungs of
amphibians and reptiles.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Certain species of snakes have one lung instead
of two. How might this modification of the
respiratory system be advantageous for snakes?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why is it better for a reptile that lives entirely
on land to excrete nitrogenous wastes as
uric acid instead of ammonia?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe a defensive mechanism—other
than escape—that reptiles in the order
Testudines can use to protect themselves.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe one threat to the
survival of modern reptiles.
1
2
3
4
5
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In what type of habitat would you
expect to find birds with powder down?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do birds heat their bodies?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do some birds, such as pigeons, ensure that their
newly hatched offspring receive enough nutrients even if
there is a temporary shortage of nutrient-rich foods in the
environment?
1
2
3
4
5
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State the two alternative explanations for the
evolutionary relationship between birds and
dinosaurs.
1
2
3
4
5
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A common belief is that birds will not return to their nest if
they detect scents left in the nest by another animal. Why is
this belief unfounded for most birds?
1
2
3
4
5
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Figure 31–1
How does structure A in Figure 31–1 differ
from the corresponding structure in other
vertebrates?
1
2
3
4
5
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Explain how the shape of the structure
labeled B in Figure 31–1 is an adaptation for
flight.
1
2
3
4
5
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What are two common
characteristics of birds of prey?
1
2
3
4
5
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Describe the range of characteristics
exhibited by dinosaurs.
1
2
3
4
5
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Antarctica surrounds the South Pole and is home to about
40 species of birds, including seven species of penguins.
However, no reptiles live in Antarctica. Explain the reason
for this difference.
1
2
3
4
5
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Compare and contrast the circulatory
systems of a lizard and an alligator.
1
2
3
4
5
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How does the digestive system of some
birds compensate for the fact that birds have
no teeth and cannot chew their food?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the evidence relating to whether
Archaeopteryx should be classified as a
dinosaur or a bird.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Archaeopteryx was a runner, not a flier. How would you
expect the bones and leg muscles of Archaeopteryx to
have differed from those of a modern flying bird? Explain
your reasoning
1
2
3
4
5
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Describe the flow of air through the
respiratory system of a bird. Explain why this
pattern of air flow is an advantage for birds.
1
2
3
4
5
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Explain how the excretory system and
reproductive organs of a bird help make it
lightweight.
1
2
3
4
5
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Pelicans and their relatives have four toes on each foot that
are connected by a web. How might this adaptation be
useful to these birds? What other birds would you expect to
have this adaptation?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe three ways in which birds interact
with natural ecosystems and human society.
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3
4
5
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