Transcript Breathing
PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION If you were to design an efficient breathing system, what would the requirements be? 'I lived in an iron lung for seven years' By John Prestwich for CNN Monday, November 14, 2005 Posted: 1600 GMT (0000 HKT) CNN) -- John Prestwich was diagnosed with polio at the age of 17 in 1955, which made him paralyzed from the chin down. He has spent 50 years on an artificial ventilator, including seven in an iron lung. Iron lungs work on negative pressure. In other words the iron lung is sealed and attached to bellows, which lower the air pressure inside the iron lung to create a negative pressure http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/11/10/john.prestwick/ PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION If you were to design an efficient breathing system, what would the requirements be? • • • • What would a machine need to do? Collect new air Get rid of old air Hold/store air Connect to body via transportation system (circulatory system) FUNCTION: • move oxygen from the outside environment into the body • remove carbon dioxide from the body RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1.External respiration 2.Internal respiration RESPIRATION External= breathing Between environment and lungs Internal Between blood and cell http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html EXTERNAL RESPIRATION AKA- BREATHING RESPIRATORY TRACT Bronchi TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR Bronchioles TRACHEA DIAPHRAGM Dome-shaped muscle attached to rib cage that contracts& flattens out during breathing Observe what happens to the diaphragm. Breathing – The Lungs • Breathing animation video • http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf Pay attention to the role of the ribcage and the diaphragm and how these creates a pressure difference so breathing can take place. "nature hates a vacuum" http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html BREATHING Breathing in - inhaling • Rib cage – expands • Diaphragm – moves downward • Pressure – reduces inside lung • Result – air is drawn into the lungs Breathing out - exhaling • Rib cage – contracts • Diaphragm – moves upward / inward • Pressure – increases inside lung • Result – air is pushed out of the lung RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1.External respiration 2.Internal respiration RESPIRATION External Between environment and lungs -inhale -exhale Internal Between blood and cell http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html RESPIRATORY TRACT Bronchi RESPIRATORY TRACT Epiglottis Bronchi TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR Bronchioles TRACHEA Alveoli CO2 and O2 exchanged at the same time bronchioles pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein (deoxygenated blood) (oxygenated blood) alveolus bronchioles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0 Respiration Video TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR Bronchioles TRACHEA Air Composition Inhaled air Nitrogen N2 – 79% Oxygen O2 – 20% CO2 – 0.04% Others - 0.96% Exhaled air Nitrogen N2 – 79% Oxygen O2 – 16% CO2 – 4% Others - 1% INTERNAL RESPIRATION AKA CELLULAR RESPIRATION Between blood and cell Breathing – The Alveoli • Diffusion – The movement of gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html DIFFUSION Gaseous exchange requires: HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Large surface • Thin Epithelium • Ventilation • Capillary network millions of alveoli 2-cell layer maintains diffusion gradient concentration gradient favors diffusion Gaseous Exchange Alveoli – Capillary Interface Breathing – The Alveoli Breathing in To the heart Breathing out high concentration of oxygen O2 O2 O2 O O2 2 low concentration of carbon dioxide From the heart CO2 CO2 low concentration of oxygen CO2 CO2 CO2 high concentration of carbon dioxide Diffusion Thin membrane between air and blood Moist surface area Permeable membrane between air and blood Large surface area Association with rich blood supply Respiration Food + Oxygen CO2 + water + ENERGY Glucose + O2 CO2 + water + ENERGY C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ENERGY C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY Cell Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy http://sdfs.ucps.k12.nc.us/images/Lungs.htm Study Guide: Grade 8 Science – Breathing and Respiration Content Vocabulary Mouth Epiglottis Larynx Pharynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveolus Capillaries Diaphragm Thorax Abdomen Pneumonia Asthma Bronchitis Cancer Emphysema Glucose Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Inhale Exhale Respiration •Be able to label the mains parts of the respiratory system. •Know the gases in the air. •Know the percentages of the gases in inhaled air. •Know the percentages of the gases in exhaled air. •Know where gas exchange takes place •Understand the term diffusion •Understand the role of diffusion in the exchange of gases in the lungs •Explain how the alveoli have developed to allow for the exchange of gases. •Understand the structures involved in the breathing process. •Understand the role of pressure in the breathing process. •Describe how the composition of the blood changes as it passes through the lungs •Know the structures affected, causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment of various breathing disorders. 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