Transcript Human Body Systems Interactions Test Review

Human Body Systems
Interactions Test Review
1. List the levels of
organization starting with
the basic unit of life.
Create an example using
the human body.
•
•
•
•
•
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
2. Define homeostasis. List three ways your body
maintains homeostasis.
• The ability of an organism to maintain a stable,
internal environment.
3. Define positive feedback and give an example.
Define negative feedback and give an example.
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
• Feedback that increases
output of a system
• Ex. Ethylene gas and fruit
ripening.
• Feedback that reduces the
output of a system.
• Ex. Blood Sugar
4. Explain the functions of the circulatory system,
digestive system, and respiratory system.
• Circulatory – responsible for transporting
materials throughout the entire body. It
transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to
your billions of body cells .
• Digestive – consists of organs that break
down food into components that your
body uses for energy and for building and
repairing cells and tissues.
• Respiratory - to supply the blood with
oxygen in order for the blood to deliver
oxygen to all parts of the body.
5. Explain the functions of the endocrine system,
excretory system, and nervous system.
• Endocrine – the system of glands,
each of which secretes a type of
hormone directly into the
bloodstream to regulate the body.
• Excretory – The process of excretion
involves finding and removing waste
materials produced by the body.
• Nervous - contains a network of
specialized cells called neurons that
coordinate the actions of an animal
and transmit signals between
different parts of its body.
6. Explain the functions of the muscular system, skeletal
system, and integumentary system.
• Muscular – made up of skeletal, smooth and cardiac
muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains
posture, and circulates blood throughout the body.
• Skeletal – all of the bones in the body and the tissues
such as tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connect
them. The main job of the skeleton is to provide support
for our body
• Integumentary - protects the body from damage,
comprising the skin and its appendages (including
hair, scales, feathers, hoofs, and nails). The
integumentary system has a variety of functions;
waterproofing, cushioning, and protecting the
deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate
temperature.
7. Explain the functions of the immune system,
lymphatic system, and reproductive system
• Immune – It is designed to defend you against
millions of bacteria, microbes, viruses, toxins and
parasites that would love to invade your body.
• Lymphatic – composed of lymph vessels,
lymph nodes, and organs. The functions of
this system include the absorption of
excess fluid and its return to the blood
stream, absorption of fat and assisting the
immune system.
• Reproductive – new individuals are produced by
the fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid
zygote. Sperm are male gametes, ova are female
gametes.
8. Explain respiration (what occurs?).
• Respiration – when you inhale, the diaphragm contracts and
air is forced into your lungs. Oxygen then diffuses into the
blood stream while CO2 diffuses back into the lungs. When
the diaphragm relaxes, you exhale CO2 out.
9. Explain what two systems work in getting the necessary nutrients to
the cells around your body.
• Circulatory –
• Digestion – breaking
transporting
down food into it’s
nutrients from
simplest form so that it
digestion and
can be absorbed into
oxygen
the body
throughout the
body to
maintain
homeostasis.
10. Explain how sweating helps to maintain body temperature. What
systems are involved? Make sure you have used the word “feedback”
in your answer.
• When your body
temperature goes up,
your body sweats to
cool you off. When
your body is cold, you
shiver to keep yourself
warm.
• This is a Feedback
Mechanism designed to
maintain homeostasis.
11. Maintaining homeostasis in your body is made possible
through coordination of all your body systems. What two
body systems are mainly responsible for this coordination?
Nervous System
Endocrine System
12. Explain two differences between the nervous and the endocrine
system. How do they communicate to the body?
13. Be able to interpret the graph below. What systems are involved
in maintaining blood sugar levels and explain how they work together
to maintain the levels.
Time After
Glucose
Ingestion
(minutes
Glucose
Concentratio
n in Blood
(mg/100mL)
0
75
30
125
60
110
90
90
100
80
120
70
13. What are some of the similarities between the
reproductive and excretory systems?
• Both rely on hormones
form the pituitary gland
to control their
functions.
14. Explain what two systems are impacted when you
are given a vaccination
• Circulatory – transports
the vaccine
• Immune – builds
antibodies to fight off
infections.
15. What two systems interact during sperm/egg production?
• Endocrine – the
hypothalamus sends
messages to the
pituitary to make
hormones.
• Reproductive – receives
the hormones and
produces sperm and
eggs.
16. Give two examples of body responses that are a result of
direct interactions between the skeletal, muscular, and
nervous systems.
Running Away from Danger!
Eating a Cheeseburger
17. Which two systems work together to remove excess water
from the body?
• Endocrine
• Circulatory
• Excretory
• When you are dehydrated, the pituitary releases a
hormone into your bloodstream to tell you kidneys
to hold onto water.
• When you have too much water, the pituitary stops
releasing the hormone, so that you can excrete the
excess water (pee…)
18. Explain what a reflex is. What three systems work
together to respond when you touch something that
causes you pain, such as hot stove?
• A reflex happens when your
body senses something so
dangerous, that it has to get
you away from the danger
as quickly as possible.
• The signal goes from the
touch receptors (nerves) to
the spinal cord and then to
your muscles to get you
away from the danger
quick!