Transcript Frog Dissection Directions

Frog Dissection:
Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates
Objective: To compare the anatomy of a frog
with that of the human body
Bell work:
1. Complete a Venn Diagram that details
the similarities and differences between
frogs and Homo sapiens:
FROGS
Amphibian
Lays Eggs
External
Fertilization
Metamorphosis
Red blood cells have a
nucleus
Has common exit (cloaca)
for reproduction & waste
3-chambered heart
Breath through
skin & lungs
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HOMO SAPIENS
Vertebrate
Share several
system
commonalities:
nervous,
respiratory,
circulatory, etc.
Mammal
Live birth
Internal
Fertilization
Young resemble adult
form
Red blood cells lack nucleus
Has separate exits for
reproduction & waste
4-chambered heart
Breath using lungs
Frog Dissection:
Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates
Creating the Frog Scienstructable
What You Do: Want to get a hands-on feel for the frog? Let’s
construct a three-dimensional frog. This is
“scienstructable”… a constructable, instructable,
science model!
called a
tangible
First, complete your table on your worksheet, identifying the 38
organs of the frog we’ll be exploring, and the colors we will use to
create our scienstructable. Use the information on the following
slides to fill in your chart.
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On your paper,
write the name
of the organ
and color the
corresponding
box the color
indicated.
These will be
the colors you
will color each
organ on your
frog
scienstructable.
Here are the
first 19…
Number
Organ
Color
1
External Nares
Black
2
Internal Nares
Black
3
Tympanum/Tympanic Membrane
Light Green
4
Eustachian Tubes
Black
5
Vomerine Teeth
White
6
Maxillary Teeth
White
7
Mandible
White
8
Tongue
Pink
9
Glottis
Purple
10
Nictitating Membrane
Light Green
11
Retractor bulbi muscle
Red
12
Esophagus
Green
13
Stomach
Green
14
Small Intestine
Green
15
Rectum
Green
16
Cloaca
Green
17
Pancreas
Yellow
18
Spleen
Yellow
19
Liver
Brown
Here are the
remaining 19
organs. Be
sure to color
the box with
the appropriate
color!
Number
Organ
Color
20
Gall Bladder
Green
21
Kidneys
Brown
22
Bladder
Yellow
23
Lungs
Purple
24
Heart (24L, 24R, and 24V)
Red
25
Common Femoral Artery
Red
26
Common Femoral Vein
Blue
27
Sartorius
Red
28
Gracilis major
Red
29
Teste (male)
Yellow
30
Ovary (female)
Yellow
31
Eggs (female)
Black & White
32
Fat Bodies
Orange
33
Nuptial Pad (males only)
Light Green
34
Spine
White
35
Brain
Gray
36
Rectus abdominus
Red
37
Pectoralis
Red
38
Obliquus externus
Red
Frog Dissection:
Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates
Creating the Frog Scienstructable
What You Do:
Once you have completed your key, begin the reading to
determine what all of these organs do – many of them have the
same function as human beings! Remember to use good reading
as you read. On your paper, write the function of each
organ in the appropriate column. For example:
Number
Organ
Color
Function
1
External Nares
Black
External nostrils used for breathing when
mouth is closed
2
Internal Nares
Black
…
dirty gerdy smelly mellie gnllc
Number
Organ
Function
1
External Nares
External nostrils used for breathing when mouth is closed
2
Internal Nares
Internal nostrils used for breathing when mouth is closed
3
Tympanic Membrane
External eardrum used to sense vibrations for hearing
4
Eustachian Tubes
Opening to tympanum, equalizes pressure in inner ear
5
Vomerine Teeth
Cone teeth used to grasp prey
6
Maxillary Teeth
Cone teeth located on upper jaw, helps to grasp prey
7
Mandible
Lower jaw, helps to grasp prey
8
Tongue
Muscle used to grasp food
9
Check your work!
Glottis
Slit in base of mouth leading to the trachea
10
Nictitating Membrane
3rd eyelid - covers eye for protection during swimming & eating
11
Retractor bulbi muscle
Used to help push food into esophagus
12
Esophagus
Tube that carries food from mouth to stomach
13
Stomach
Breaks down and stores food
14
Small Intestine
Responsible for most chemical digestion
15
Rectum
Stores solid waste until excreted from body
16
Cloaca
Common exit for feces, urine, sperm and egg
17
Pancreas
Makes insulin to aid in digestion
18
Spleen
Stores and filters red blood cells
19
Liver
Makes bile to aid in the digestion of fat
Number
Organ
Function
20
Gall Bladder
Stores bile made by the liver
21
Kidneys
Filters blood of waste
22
Bladder
Stores urine
23
Lungs
Works in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
24
Heart
Left and Right atria (receive blood) & Ventricle (pumps blood)
25
Common Femoral Artery
Carries oxygenated blood from heart to lower part of leg
26
Common Femoral Vein
Carries deoxygenated blood from lower part of leg to heart
27
Sartorius
Used in jumping and movement
28
Check your work!
Gracilis major
Used in jumping and movement
Teste (male)
Responsible for making sperm
Ovary (female)
Responsible for making eggs
31
Eggs (female)
Reproductive cell
32
Fat Bodies
Food reserve for hibernation/mating
33
Nuptial Pad (males only)
Used for grasping female during amplexus
34
Spine
Vertebrae support frog skeletal system, protect spinal cord
35
Brain
Responsible for controlling frog’s activities and body functions
36
Rectus abdominus
Muscles that aid in movement
37
Pectoralis
Muscles that aid in movement
38
Obliquus externus
Muscles that aid in movement
29
30
Frog Dissection:
Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates
Creating the Frog Scienstructable
What You’ll need to create your model:
Colored frog template
Scissors
Colored pencils
Small amount of glue or a glue stick
Construction paper
What You Do:
Now it’s time to color your frog! Color the organs according to your
key. You can color the outside of the frog’s body various shades of:
GREEN, YELLOW, BROWN &
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Frog Dissection:
Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates
Assembling the Frog Scienstructable
What You Do:
1. CAREFULLY cut out your frog and organs - no jagged edges! DO
NOT cut off the tabs as you will use these to assemble your frog
2. Glue your Scienstructable Key and Function sheet to one side of
your construction paper, placing glue on the strip that says
“GLUE HERE” on your paper. You should be able to read both
sides of your sheet.
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Frog Dissection:
Comparing Anatomy Vertebrates
Assembling the Frog Scienstructable
What You Do:
3. Paste the back of the head on the BACK
SIDE of your frog’s head – not over the
internal structures
4. On the other side of your construction
paper, paste down your cut out frog body,
leaving the top of the head unglued. You
should be able to lift the head to see the
eyes, nares, and tympanic membranes
once your frog is secured to the paper
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Frog Dissection:
Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates
Assembling the Frog Scienstructable
For all organs to be pasted down, you will apply glue to each tab
and match up the lettered tabs as follows:
1. Choose the sex of your frog. If you choose MALE, paste down
the TESTES by tab A1 to A on the frog body. Find the the NUPTIAL
PAD and glue it by tab P to P on the hand. If FEMALE, paste down
the EGGS/OVARIES by tab A1 to A. You will NOT add the nuptial
pad to the hand for the female.
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2. Attach the KIDNEYS by tab B to
B on the frog body
3. Attach the DIGESTIVE system by
tab C1 to C on the frog body
4. Attach the BLADDER by tab A2
to A1 on the frog body
5. Attach the LUNGS by tab D to D
on the frog body
6. Attach the LIVER by tab C2 to C1
on the frog body
7. Attach the HEART by tab E to E
on the frog body.
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8. Attach the SARTORIUS and GRACILIS
MAJOR by tabs F to F on the frog body
9. Attach the MANDIBLE by tabs G to G on
the frog body
10. Cut the ABDOMINAL MUSCLES in half
along the solid black line through the
center. Place a small amount of glue
along the outside of the UPPER LEGS
ONLY. Paste each half down on the
frog, aligning it with the frog body.
11. Complete the same process ABOVE with
the frog BELLY. Apply paste on the
UPPER LEGS ONLY and align over the
top of the ABDOMINAL MUSCLES so
that you can lift the skin to reveal the
muscles underneath.
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Here’s what is should look like when you’re all
done!
Now you have a great tool to help you prepare for
your frog exploration.
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