Transcript Kingdom Animalia - davis.k12.ut.us

Kingdom Animalia
Who’s in this Kingdom?
Animal or Not?
Animal or Not?
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic (has a nucleus)
• Get energy from eating other animals & plants.
(Heterotrophic)
• Animal cells are specialized for different
functions (digestion, reproduction, vision, or
taste)
• Most reproduce sexually
• Able to move at some point in their life. (motile)
Characteristics
• You can start classifying
animals by finding out if the
animal has a backbone.
• A vertebrate is an animal
with a backbone
• An invertebrate is an
animal that does not have
a backbone.
Classifying Animals
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
• Another step you could take is to classify an animal is to
determine what kind of symmetry it has.
• Symmetry describes an organism’s body plan.
• Radial: can be divided into two parts that are nearly mirror images
of each other anywhere through its central axis.
• Bilateral: can be divided into two parts that are nearly mirror
images of each other
• Asymmetry: cannot be divided into any two parts that are nearly
mirror images of each other.
Classifying Animals
Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Asymmetry
• The last two ways in which animals get classified are:
• Molecular Classification: is when scientists compare the
DNA, RNA, and proteins from two animals to determine if
they are related. The more similar the DNA, the more
closely the animals are related.
• For example: the Grey-faced sengi, the vole and the elephant.
The grey-faced sengi look like voles, but molecular evidence
shows that they are more closely related to elephants.
Classifying Animals
• Major Phyla: animals
belonging to the same
phyla have similar
body structures and
other characteristics.
• There are 9 major
phyla that contain 9599% of all animal
species.
• Phylum Chordata is
the only phyla that
contains vertebrates,
the rest are
invertebrates.
Classifying Animals
• Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera.
They are multicellular organisms which have
bodies full of pores and channels allowing water
to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like
mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of
cells.
Phylum Porifera
• Cnidaria or Coelenterata is a phylum containing
over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively
in aquatic and mostly marine environments. Their
distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized
cells that they use mainly for capturing prey
Phylum Cnidaria
• The flatworms, known in scientific
literature as Platyhelminthes or
Plathelminthes are a phylum of relatively
simple bilaterian, unsegmented, softbodied invertebrate animals
Phylum Platyhelminthes
• unsegmented worms with elongated
rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly
free-living but some are parasitic
Phylum Nematoda
• The annelids, formally called Annelida, are
a large phylum of segmented worms, with
over 22,000 modern species including
ragworms, earthworms and leeches
Phylum Annelida
• An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an
exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed
appendages. Arthropods are members of the
phylum Arthropoda, and include the insects,
arachnids, and crustaceans.
Phylum Arthropoda
• The organisms in the phylum Mollusca are characterized
by having three main body areas: a head-foot (sensory
and locomotion structures), a visceral mass (excretory,
digestive, and circulatory structures), and a mantle (which
secretes the shell). The gills, which function in
respiration, are located between the visceral mass and the
mantle.
Phylum Mollusca
• Echinoderms are a phylum of marine
animals. The adults are recognizable by
their radial symmetry, and include such
well-known animals as starfish, sea
urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.
Phylum Echinodermata
• Chordates, members of the phylum Chordata, are
deuterostome animals possessing a notochord, a
hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an
endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some
period of their life cycles
Phylum Chordata