Transcript Blood Types
Blood Types A B AB O • Four major types of blood . • A, B, AB, and O. • Inherited from parents. • Determined by presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell Antigens • Blood protein • Located on the surface of the red blood cell. • Either the person has it or doesn’t have on the blood cell. • Someone with type A blood have the A antigen, Someone with type B blood have the B antigen, type AB has both A and B antigen, and type O has neither of the antigens Universal Donor O Universal Recipient AB Antibody – a protein in the plasma that will inactivate a foreign P substance that enters the body u n • Someone with type A n blood has b antibodies e • Someone with type B t blood has a antibodies t • Someone with type AB blood has no antibodies s q • Someone with type O u blood has a and b a antibodies. r e Red Cells Also may Contain Rh factor • If you have it, you’re Rh + • If you don’t, you’re Rh – • When an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ baby, the baby’s blood (usually during delivery) can mix with the mom’s blood, causing the mom’s blood to make anti Rh antibodies. • If the mom gets pregnant again with another Rh+ positive baby, her anti Rh antibodies will attack the baby’s blood, causing Erythroblastosis Fetalis • RHO Gam will destroy any baby blood cells in the mom, and her immune system won’t produce antibodies. • Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection That is why research is being done on umbilical cord blood. Disorder of the Blood… • Anemia • Deficiency in number or % of red blood cells. • Iron Deficiency Anemia • Usually in women, children and adolescents • Deficiency of iron in the diet causing insufficient hemoglobin synthesis • Treat with iron supplements and green, leafy vegetables Polycythemia •Too many red blood cells are formed. •May be a temporary condition that occurs at high altitude. Aplastic Anemia Bone marrow does not produce enough red and white blood cells Caused by drugs or radiation therapy Sickle Cell Anemia Chronic blood disease inherited from both parents Causes the red cells to form in abnormal sickle shape Sickle cells break easily and carry less oxygen Occurs primarily in African Americans Treatment – blood transfusion Embolism • Air, blood clot , cancer cells, fat, etc. that is carried by the bloodstream until it reaches an artery too small for passage • Also known as a “moving blood clot” Thrombosis • The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel • The blood clot is a THROMBUS Hematoma • Localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ tissue or space. • Caused by an injury that can cause a blood vessel to rupture. Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is a cancer that begins in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. These cells are part of your immune system, which helps protect the body from germs and other harmful substances. In time, myeloma cells collect in the bone marrow and in the solid parts of bones. Doctors diagnose multiple myeloma using lab tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Your treatment depends on how advanced the disease is and whether you have symptoms. If you have no symptoms, you may not need treatment right away. If you have symptoms, you may have chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, or targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells. Contusion An injury in which the skin is not broken; a bruise. Hemophilia • Hereditary • Missing clotting factor • Blood clots slow or abnormally • Sex linked – transmitted genetically from mothers to sons • Treat with missing clotting factor, avoid trauma. Thrombocytopenia • Not enough platelets • Blood will not clot properly Leukemia • Malignant condition • Overproduction of immature white blood cells • Research on cord blood. Blood Typing Game • http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/me dicine/landsteiner/index.html Test Your Gray Matter… Why is research being done on the use of newborn umbilical cord blood? Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection A pus filled cavity that forms when there is infection below the epidermis is a/an: Abcess What blood type is considered to be the universal recipient? Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of a blood protein called a/an: AB Antigen Mary has leukopenia as a result of her chemotherapy. Marylyn’s : White blood cell count is low Who would be a candidate for Rho Gam? An Rh negative mother What would happen if an Rh negative person were given a blood transfusion of Rh positive blood? He/she would develop Rh antibodies What is the medical term for hemolytic disease of the newborn? Erthroblastosis fetalis A deficiency in the number of Which of the following blood red blood cells is called: disorders is inherited from both parents? Anemia What is a hereditary disease in which the blood clots slowly or abnormally? Hemophilia Sickle cell anemia Jake has a hematoma on his leg. What most likely caused it?